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Press Release- French Nuclear Safety Authorities reveal EPRтАЩs vulnerability as Modi visits France

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Press Release- French Nuclear Safety Authorities reveal EPR's vulnerability as Modi visits France


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PRESS┬аSTATEMENT

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French┬аNuclear Safety┬аAuthorities reveal EPR's vulnerability as Modi visits┬аFrance┬аto advance nuclear purchase

The French nuclear safety regulator ASN has reported extremely serious defects in┬а the European Pressurized Reactor being built atFlamanville┬а(France) by the French nuclear company┬аAreva.

The detected defects have to do with substandard material used in crucial components, the bottom and the lid of the EPR pressure vessel, the very heart of the reactor. These components cannot be repaired once the reactor goes critical.

The revelation vindicates long-standing safety concerns of independent nuclear experts and citizens' groups especially in Finland and India where Areva is constructing or planning to build┬аEPRs.

This revelation coincides with Prime Minister Modi's visit to France, during which he is expected to finalize a nuclear agreement with Areva. It should force the┬аIndian government┬аto rethink its nuclear expansion plans.

The EPR's design and construction have run into unending problems both in France and Finland, where the first such reactor has been under construction since 2005. Its completion has been delayed from 2009 at least till 2018, and its costs have nearly tripled.

France, once the nuclear industry's poster-boy, has itself decided to scale down nuclear power generation by 25% and make an "energy transition" to renewable sources.

Next week (18th April) marks the fourth anniversary of the killing in a police firing of Tabrez Sayekar, from Sakhri Nate near┬аJaitapur┬аin Maharashtra.┬аJaitapur is where Areva is planning to construct the world's largest nuclear plant, in the teeth of strong public protests. Over the last four years, Areva has gone almost bankrupt. Vulnerabilities of the EPR design have been repeatedly revealed; and an earthquake fault-line discovered running through the proposed Jaitapur site.

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After Fukushima (2011), which revealed the inherent problems of nuclear safety, a number of countries have abandoned nuclear power.

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We urge the Indian government to give up its nuclear obsession and immediately declare a moratorium on all nuclear negotiations and under-construction projects. It must respect the views of citizens and local communities, including farmers and fisherfolk, who oppose nuclear power because it threatens their lives and livelihoods.

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We also ask the┬аFrench government┬аto respect human life in India and terminate the nuclear negotiations in the wake of the new revelations about the EPR.

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For CNDP
Praful Bidwai

Achin Vanaik

Lalita Ramdas

Abey George

Kumar Sundaram

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India ranks lower than even Nepal

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India ranks lower than even Nepal

PUJA MEHRA

Social Progress Index puts┬аNorway┬аon top and U.S. at 16th place while Nepal,┬аBangladesh┬аrank higher than┬аIndia.

Out of 133 countries rated on indicators of well-being such as health, water and sanitation, personal safety, access to opportunity, tolerance, inclusion, personal freedom and choice India has secured the 101th place. This is lower than India's rank, of 93, for┬аGDP per capita┬аincome. Even Nepal and Bangladesh rank higher than India on the Social Progress Index (SPI) ratings to be released globally on Thursday. Norway has bagged the first rank; the U.S. is at the 16th place.

On the parameter 'Tolerance and inclusion' India ranks 128th and is at the 120th place on 'health and wellness' that, says economist and executive director of the SPI, Michael Green, is the toughest parameter for a country to excel at. As a country becomes richer while tackling sanitation and water becomes easier, tougher challenges emerge such as air pollution and obesity, Dr. Green told┬аThe Hinduin an exclusive phone interview. The U.S. despite its high levels of spending on health and wellness ranks 68th.

Even harder to tackle are freedom and tolerance, he says. "The most striking findings for India are the worst performance on the tolerance and inclusion frontтАжIt's a complex problem in a diverse countryтАжanother thing I will be watching for as India grows economically is when obesity as a crisis will start hitting." The SPI was launched in 2013 and is based on 52 indicators of countries' social and environmental performance. It includes no economic indicators and measures outcomes. The┬аUN's┬аHuman Development Index┬аand Bhutan's┬аGross National Happiness┬аIndex are also alternate measures for well being but they use GDP or other economic measures.

Focusing exclusively on GDP implies measuring progress in purely monetary terms and failing to consider the wider picture of the real things that matter to real people, Dr. Green says. "GDP isn't bad but it's not the whole storyтАж alongside economic growth social progress is more important for policymaking."

Need for a complete model to measure growth: SPI official

Unlike GDP, a country cannot boost its SPI score just by improving the lives of the most well off, or even the majority. At any level of GDP per capita, countries with lower poverty tend to have higher social progress, the SPI shows.

"Richer countries do better on the SPI as more GDP in general makes lives better but that is not the whole storyтАжthere is good correlation between GDP and social progress but not perfect correlation as other things matterтАжand therefore there is need for a complete model not just a GDP methodology," says executive director of the Social Progress Index, Michael Green.

As the GDP is increasingly seen as an adequate measure of only economic progress but not overall well-being, the┬аWorld Bank, OECD and┬аEuropean Commission┬аare in discussions to adopt measures of social progress as an indicator of inclusive growth.

"Time is right for new thinkingтАжThe inequality debate over the last ten years has showed that there is need to bring inclusion on board. Kuznets when he created the GDP knew and said it was not perfect," Dr. Green says. The concept of GDP was introduced in the 1930s by economist┬аSimon Kuznets, who warned at the time that "the welfare of a nation canтАж scarcely be inferred from a measurement of a national income" such as GDP.

The European Commission is set to create an SPI for the regions of the European Union. Paraguay is using it to guide an inclusive national development plan for 2030. Cities across Latin America, such as Rio de Janeiro and Bogota, are setting up SPIs to guide urban renewal strategies.

http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-ranks-lower-than-even-nepal/article7082262.ece

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Odisha тАУ the struggle for community control over land, forests and natural resources

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Odisha тАУ the struggle for community control over land, forests and natural resources┬а


No matter how much compensation is promised,┬аcompanies┬аwill need 'a social licence' to conduct business on the land of the people


Gaurav Madan

For the past 20 years, local communities across the eastern┬аIndian state┬аof┬аOdisha┬аhave engaged in numerous movements to protect their customary lands and forests against industrial and government interests. Several have captured global attention, documenting resistance from some of┬аIndia's most marginalised communities in the face of dispossession and displacement.
Now, Odisha's communities are mobilising once more to assert their rights over the resources that define their culture and survival, using modern technology and India's┬аForest Rights Act┬аof 2006 (FRA).

Last month, in the village of Gunduribadi in┬аNayagarh district, I met with community members who have come together to legally document and claim their customary forest and grazing lands, fisheries, water bodies, medicinal plants, traditional knowledge, and sites of their livelihoods. Equipped with a government-issued map from 1983, GPS machines, and bottles of water, we set out under the blazing sun. We quickly crossed the administrative boundary of the village, and over the next six hours, scaled the steep slopes of the hills surrounding us.

Along the way were landmarks erected by the British demarcating the land as a state-owned reserve forest. Today, the villagers are reclaiming this land as their own. The GPS-generated map will be the final seal on their recent application for a title recognising their land and forest rights under the FRA.

The FRA was born from growing disenfranchisement fermenting in the heart of India's forests and a subsequent complex negotiation with the government. The┬аAct┬аbegins by acknowledging the historical injustice adivasis and traditional forest dwellers have faced due to the non-recognition of their rights over their ancestral lands. This injustice has roots in the colonial rule, when land policies were intended to commercialise and exploit India's forests by declaring tribal and traditional forest-dwelling communities' homelands as state property and dispossessing millions in the process. These policies were largely continued by the post-colonial state.

"Most of the forests in the country are customary community lands. They belong to the people. First, the British took them away, and then after independence, the government identified them as State forests without following due legal process. (Through the FRA) the State is not being benevolent in 'giving' people new rights, but belatedly recognising their pre-existing rights," says Madhu Sarin, a member of the Campaign for Survival and Dignity, a national coalition that led the mobilisation for the enactment of the FRA.

Rapid industrial development brings new threats to communities

Addressing the injustices of the past is not the only exigency facing forest-dependent communities. Across Odisha, and indeed across India, local communities are facing pressures from rapid industrial development and resource extraction. One example is the village of Dhinkia in┬аJagatsinghpur district, where communities have been engaged in a vibrant movement against the multinational steel manufacturing company┬аPOSCO┬аover the past decade.

The people of Dhinkia earn a substantial livelihood from betel leaf cultivation. Any resident in Dhinkia will tell you that life there revolves around paano, dhaano, aurmino (betel leaf, rice, and fish). Behind every home you will find a shady patch dedicated to the growth of Paan leaves. Besides these palm-frond-covered nurseries are expansive rice fields and cashew trees that supplement household incomes. The residents' connection to land is as strong as the resistance that has defined the area over the past 10 years.

Women from Dongria Kondh village in Odisha (Photo: Sayantan Bera)Women from┬аDongria Kondh┬аvillage in Odisha (Photo: Sayantan Bera)

In 2005, the state government of Odisha signed an agreement with POSCO promising 1,619 hectares of land to build a plant to process iron ore that the company would mine. The project was pronounced as the largest foreign direct investment ever made in India. As details of the agreement were slowly revealed, it became clear that no formal consultations were held with the communities who would be affected by the project. The company had also failed to conduct any environmental or social impact assessments. The people of Dhinkia launched a movement to resist the takeover. After a decade of violent escalation and protests, they are still resolute.

"Our dream is for our children and grandchildren to live here on this soil. We don't want any compensation. We want to stay here," says a woman leader as she recalls the day she was shot at with rubber bullets. Another woman leader, who faces over 30 charges due to her involvement with the movement, reiterates, "I will give up my life before I give up my land."

A critical tool to assert rights

Back in Gunduribadi, as we began climbing the hills, Sudha RanjanтАФa volunteer with Maa Maninag Jungle Sureksha Parishad, a local federation of forest protection villages supporting the mapping processтАФexplained to me, "Land is being leased to companies for industry and mining. Companies stand to make a lot of money and politicians will benefit. But for the communities, there is only loss. Across Odisha, you see places where there is resistance. Tomorrow, something could happen here, too. Now with the FRA, the communities can have rights over their forests, non-timber forest products, and medicinal plants."

In March 2008, the Palli Sabha (village assembly) of Dhinkia invoked the FRA and claimed hundreds of hectares of forestland that had been earmarked for construction of the POSCO plant. But over the next several years, the government repeatedly issued project clearances and delayed implementing the law. In 2010, village assemblies again rejected the diversion of forest land for the company under the FRA. Yet, to date, as in much of Odisha, no formal community forest land titles have been granted.

While the FRA remains one tool for communities to assert their rights to protect, document, and manage their customary lands and resources, due to a lack of awareness and the reluctance of local administrations to grant titles, it must be accompanied by a larger effort to respect community rights.

As Sudhir Pattnaik, journalist and editor of independent newspaper and media outlet Samadrusti, says, "The FRA has given an instrument in people's hands to claim their land, given they are sufficiently organised. Mobilisation is the only answer. People will need to organise and resist. When the government violates its own laws and the media remains silent, there is a need for organised protest. There is no alternative to that."

No substitute for an ecological economy

The huge risk of social conflict that opaque business practices create is undeniable.┬аA 2014 study┬аconducted by the Rights and Resources Initiative and the Society for Promotion of Wasteland Development found that at least a quarter of India's districts are embroiled in some form of conflict over land and resource takeover. The POSCO case illuminates that when communities anticipate threats to their lands and livelihoods from external companies, there will be significant repercussions for all concerned parties.

In Dhinkia, while things have calmed in recent years, it seems unlikely that POSCO will ever acquire the promised land. No matter what assurances of compensation are provided, a majority of Dhinkia's people are defiant in their opposition to any type of industrial use of their land. As Pattnaik says, "Money is not a substitute for an ecological economy."

The struggle for community control over land, forests and natural resources in Odisha points to the need for a new approach towards investment and development. With the recent election of Narendra Modi's government, there have been attempts to┬аdilute the FRA┬аand other legislative safeguards protecting community rights in order to fast-track investment. Already the new government has introduced an ordinance aimed at weakening the 2013 land acquisition Act by removing consent and social impact assessment requirements for a significant number of projects.

However, from Jagatsinghpur to Khandadhar to Niyamgiri, community resistance shows that no matter what agreement is signed and how much compensation is promised, companies will need "a social licence" to conduct business. This means obtaining free, prior, and informed consent from the communities that reside on the land. Coupled with responsible investment policy and practice, the recognition of the customary rights of millions of forest-dwellers under the FRA can contribute to the largest land reform in India's historyтАФas well as towards inclusive democracy and development.

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http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/odisha-diaries-struggle-community-control-over-land-forests-and-natural-resources/

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Kai Kaus

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рж░рж╛ржЬржирзАрждрж┐рж░ ржХрзНрж╖рзЗрждрзНрж░рзЗ ржПржоржирж┐ ржЕржХрзГрждржЬрзНржЮрждрж╛рж░ ржиржЬрж┐рж░ ржЕрж╕ржВржЦрзНржпред рж░рж╛ржЬржирзАрждрж┐рж░ рж░рж╛ржЬрж╛-рж░рж╛ржЬрзНржпрзЗрж░ ржЗрждрж┐рж╣рж╛рж╕ржЗ рждрж╛рж░ рж╕рж╛ржХрзНрж╖рзНржп ржУ ржкрзНрж░ржорж╛ржгред рж╢рзЛрзЯрж╛ ржжрзБрж╢ ржмржЫрж░ ржЖржЧрзЗ ржмрзБрж░ржмржи ржмржВрж╢ ржПржнрж╛ржмрзЗржЗ ржирж┐рж╢рзНржЪрж┐рж╣рзНржи рж╣рзЯрзЗржЫрж┐рж▓ ржлрзНрж░рж╛ржирзНрж╕рзЗред рззрзпрззрзо рж╕ржирзЗ рж╕ржмржВрж╢ ржирж┐ржзржи рж╣рж▓рзЗржи рж░рж╛рж╢рж┐рзЯрж╛рж░ ржЬрж╛рж░ред ржПржХ рж╕ржорзЯрзЗрж░ ржЬрж╛рждрзАрзЯ рждрзНрж░рж╛рждрж╛ ржУрж▓рж┐ржнрж╛рж░ ржХрзНрж░ржоржУрзЯрзЗрж▓ржХрзЗ рж╕рзНржорж░ржгрзЗ рж░рж╛ржЦрзЗржирж┐ ржЗржВрж▓рзНржпрж╛ржирзНржб, ржорж╛рзЯрж╛ржиржорж╛рж░рзЗрж░ ржЖржЙржВрж╕рж╛ржВржУ ржирж┐рж╣ржд рж╣рзЯрзЗржЫрж┐рж▓рзЗржи ржХрзЗржмрж┐ржирзЗржЯ рж╕ржжрж╕рзНржп рж╕рж╣ред ржнрж╛рж░ржд рж╕рзНржмрж╛ржзрзАржи рж╣рж▓ ржпрж╛рж░ ржЖржирзНржжрзЛрж▓ржирзЗ рж╕рзЗ ржЧрж╛ржирзНржзрзАржУ рж╣рж▓рзЗржи ржирж┐рж╣рждред ржЕржиржирзНржп ржмрзНржпржХрзНрждрж┐рждрзНржмрзЗрж░ ржЗржирзНржжрж┐рж░рж╛, рждрж╛рж░ ржкрзБрждрзНрж░ рж░рж╛ржЬрзАржм, ржЬрзБрж▓ржлрж┐ржХрж╛рж░ ржЖрж▓рзА ржнрзБржЯрзНржЯрзЛ, рждрж╛рж░ржУ ржЖржЧрзЗ рж▓рж┐рзЯрж╛ржХржд ржЖрж▓рзА, ржЬржи ржХрзЗржирзЗржбрзА, ржкрзНрж░рзЗржорж╛ржжрж╛рж╕рж╛ ржкрзНрж░ржорзБржЦ ржЕрж╕ржВржЦрзНржп рж░рж╛рж╖рзНржЯрзНрж░ржкрждрж┐ рж╕рзНржмрж╛ржзрзАржирждрж╛-рж╕ржВржЧрзНрж░рж╛ржорзА ржирж┐рж╣ржд рж╣рзЯрзЗржЫрзЗржи рж░рзБрж╖рзНржЯ ржУ ржжрзБрж╖рзНржЯ ржЕржХрзГрждржЬрзНржЮ рж░рж╛ржЬржирзАрждрж┐ржХ ржЖрждрждрж╛рзЯрзАрж░ рж╣рж╛рждрзЗред

рж╢рзЗржЦ ржорзБржЬрж┐ржмржУ ржПржнрж╛ржмрзЗржЗ ржП ржирж┐рзЯржорзЗржЗ рж╣рзЯрзЗржЫрзЗ рж╕ржкрж░рж┐ржмрж╛рж░рзЗ ржирж┐рж╣рждрзНред ржХрж┐ржирзНрждрзБ ржорзБржЬрж┐ржмржХржирзНржпрж╛ рж╣рж╛рж╕рж┐ржирж╛ ржПржмржВ рждрж╛рж░ ржЪрж╛ржЯрзБржХрж╛рж░ ржЖржБрждрзЗрж▓рж░рж╛ ржУ рж░рж╛ржЬржирзАрждрж┐ржХрж░рж╛ ржПржХрзЗ ржпрзЗржи ржкрзГржерж┐ржмрзАрждрзЗ ржирждрзБржи ржШржЯрж╛ ржПржХржЯрж╛ ржЕрж╕рж╛ржорж╛ржирзНржп ржмрзАржнрзОрж╕ ржШржЯржирж╛ рж░рзВржкрзЗ ржкрзНрж░ржЪрж╛рж░-ржкрзНрж░ржЪрж╛рж░ржгрж╛ ржЪрж╛рж▓рж╛ржЪрзНржЫрзЗржи ржЧржд рждрзЗрж░рзЛ ржорж╛рж╕ ржзрж░рзЗред ржХрж╛ржи ржЭрж╛рж▓рж╛ржкрж╛рж▓рж╛ рж╣рзЯрзЗ ржЧрзЗрж▓ред ржмрж╛рзЬрж╛ржмрж╛рзЬрж┐ ржзрзИрж░рзНржпрзЗрж░ ржУ рж╕рж╣рзНржпрзЗрж░ рж╕рзАржорж╛ ржЕрждрж┐ржХрзНрж░ржо ржХрж░рзЗржЫрзЗред рж░рзБржЪрж┐ржорж╛ржи рж╕ржВрж╕рзНржХрзГрждрж┐ржорж╛ржи ржпрзБржХрзНрждрж┐-ржмрзБржжрзНржзрж┐ржорж╛ржи рж▓рзЛржХрзЗрж░рж╛ ржЖржЙржВ рж╕рж╛ржВ ржХржирзНржпрж╛ рж╕рзБржХрж┐, ржнрзБржЯрзНржЯрзЛрж░ ржХржирзНржпрж╛, ржмржирзНржжрж░ржирж╛рзЯрзЗржХрзЗрж░ ржХржирзНржпрж╛, ржЗржирзНржжрж┐рж░рж╛рж░ ржкрзБрждрзНрж░, ржЧрж╛ржирзНржзрзАржкрж░рж┐ржмрж╛рж░, ржХрзЗржирзЗржбрж┐ ржкрж░рж┐ржмрж╛рж░ ржХржЦржирзЛ ржПржоржирж┐ рж╣рждрзНржпрж╛рж░ ржЬржирзНржп ржкрзНрж░рждрж┐рж╣рж┐ржВрж╕рж╛ржкрж░рж╛рзЯржгрждрж╛рж░ ржЖржнрж╛рж╕ ржжрзЗрзЯржирж┐, ржХрж┐ржВржмрж╛ ржПржоржирж┐ ржиржЧрзНржиржнрж╛ржмрзЗ ржкрж┐рждрзГ ржмрж╛ ржкрж░рж┐ржмрж╛рж░-рж╣рждрзНржпрж╛рж░ ржлрж╛рзЯржжрж╛ ржУржарж╛ржирзЛрж░ ржЪрзЗрж╖рзНржЯрж╛ ржХрж░рзЗржирж┐ ржХрзЗржЙред

рж╣рж╛рж╕рж┐ржирж╛рж░ ржоржзрзНржпрзЗржЗ ржХрзЗржмрж▓ ржорзМрж░рзБрж╕рзА рж╕ржорзНржкрждрзНрждрж┐рж░ ржорждрзЛ ржмрж╛ржВрж▓рж╛ржжрзЗрж╢ ржжржЦрж▓рзЗ рж░рж╛ржЦрж╛рж░ ржПржоржирж┐ ржЖрж╕рзНржлрж╛рж▓ржи ржУ ржорж╛рзЯрж╛ржХрж╛ржирзНржирж╛ ржжрзЗржЦрж╛ ржпрж╛ржЪрзНржЫрзЗред рждрж╛рж░ ржоржзрзНржпрзЗ рж╢рж┐ржХрзНрж╖рж╛рж░ рж╕рзБрж░рзБржЪрж┐рж░ ржмрж┐ржмрзЗржЪржирж╛-рж╢ржХрзНрждрж┐рж░ ржХрзЛржи ржкрж░рж┐ржЪрзЯ ржорзЗрж▓рзЗ ржирж╛ред рждрж╛рж░ рж╕рзНржмржкрзНржи ржУ рж╕рж╛ржз ржЕржирзЗржХ ржХрж┐ржирзНрждрзБ ржпрзЛржЧрзНржпрждрж╛ ржирзЗржЗред ржкрзНрж░рждрж┐рж╣рж┐ржВрж╕рж╛ржкрж░рж╛рзЯржгрждрж╛рж░ рж░рж╛ржХрзНрж╖рзБрж╕рзЗ рж╣рж┐ржВрж╕рзНрж░рждрж╛ ржПржмржВ ржХрзНрж╖ржорждрж╛рж░ ржЧржжрзА рж╕рзНржерж╛рзЯрзА ржнрж╛ржмрзЗ ржзрж░рзЗ рж░рж╛ржЦрж╛рж░ рж▓рж┐ржкрзНрж╕рж╛ржЗ ржкрж░рж┐ржмрж╛рж░ржХрзЗ ржорж╛ржирзЗ, ржпрж╢рзЗ, ржЦрзНржпрж╛рждрж┐рждрзЗ, ржХрзНрж╖ржорждрж╛рзЯ, ржмрж┐рждрзНрждрзЗ, ржмрзЗрж╕рж╛рждрзЗ, ржЕрж░рзНрже-рж╕ржорзНржкржжрзЗ ржЪрж┐рж░ржкрзНрж░рждрж┐рж╖рзНржа рж░рж╛ржЦрж╛рж░ ржорзЛрж╣ рждрж╛ржХрзЗ ржкрзЗрзЯрзЗ ржмрж╕рзЗржЫрзЗред ржП ржкржерзЗржЗ рждрж╛рж░ ржШржЯржмрзЗ ржЖрж╢рзБ ржкрждржирее" - рзжрзо/рзжрзо/рззрзпрзпрзм

- ржЖрж╣ржоржж рж╢рж░рзАржл / ржЖрж╣ржоржж рж╢рж░рзАржлрзЗрж░ ржбрж╛рзЯрзЗрж░рж┐ : ржнрж╛ржм-ржмрзБржжрзНржмрзБржж рее [ ржЬрж╛ржЧрзГрждрж┐ ржкрзНрж░ржХрж╛рж╢ржирзА - ржлрзЗржмрзНрж░рзБрзЯрж╛рж░рж┐, рзирзжрзжрзп ред ржкрзГ: рззрзлрзн-рззрзлрзо ]

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U.S. Omits Iran and Hezbollah From Terror Threat List

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U.S. Omits Iran and Hezbollah From Terror Threat List

Hezbollah


An annual security assessment presented to the U.S. Senate by James Clapper, the director of National Intelligence, has excluded Iran and the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah from its list of terror threats to U.S. interests, despite both being consistently included as threats in previous years.The omission comes as Washington and other world powers continue to negotiate with Iran to strike a deal over its nuclear program and capabilities.┬а

http://www.newsweek.com/iran-and-hezbollah-omitted-us-terror-threat-list-amid-nuclear-talks-314073

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Health Care discarded, Education subsidy halved,Diabetic and Cancer patients to be killed and now EPF Pension stopped!

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Health Care discarded, Education subsidy halved,Diabetic and Cancer patients to be killed and now EPF Pension stopped!


Militarization of the Hindu Rashtra is the topmost agenda and Modi set the Seine river ┬аablaze in Paris with Rafale Deal.


Employees Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) has put on hold payment of a minimum Rs.1,000/month from April 1, 2015. The decision, set to affect 32 lakh out of a total of about 50 lakh pensioners!


Palash Biswas


Health Care discarded,Education subsidy halved,Diabetic and Cancer patients to be killed and now EPF Pension stopped!And now,the Employees Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) has put on hold payment of a minimum тВ╣1,000/month from April 1, 2015. The decision, set to affect 32 lakh out of a total of about 50 lakh pensioners!


Militarization of the Hindu Rashtra is the topmost agenda and Modi set the Seine ablaze with Rafale Deal.The logic,Political commitment, out-of-the-box approach were key as negotiations hit last mile; the deal offers a $2.3-billion scope for the private industry.


While the mega dealтАФinitiated in 2007 with six competitorsтАФhad been chugging along since 2012 when Dassault's Rafale was declared the winner!Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar today said India's decision to buy 36 French-made Rafale fighter jets off the shelf would infuse "minimum oxygen" into the Air Force, battling with an ageing warplane fleet.


However,the Swadeshi Hindutva has to play a different tune full of amusement.Warning the government against signing a deal to purchase the Rafale aircraft, Dr Swamy said if at all the Modi government is really so keen, then it should buy Dassault, the company which makes Rafale warplanes.


Whereas Parliamentary Politics also exposes its skin as Congress General Secretary Digvijay Singh today dared BJP leader Subramanian Swamy to move court over theRafale deal a day after the latter threatened to take legal recourse claiming that there were shortcomings in the fighter aircraft.


Making in seems to be disastrous for the masses in India.Already universal health plan withheld,Education subsidy halved.Life saving medicines deregulated to kill the diabetic and cancer patients. Prime minister has set the Sein river in Paris on fire as he meets the CEOs of defence companies and finalized the Rafel purchase deal to seal strategic nuclear alliance with France ,opening the floodgates of french weapon companies which bid to sell submarines to Fighter Jets to emerging market India.


Militarization of the Hindu Rashtra is the topmost agenda and business friendly fascist RSS government does expend any amount for shopping weapon but has to cut every government expenditure in the social sector to wipe out public welfare and linking every basic necessity and mandatory service with biometric purchasing power excluding the majority and it is RSS branded social justice and Samrasta.


Hindu Business Line reports:

The Employees Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) has put on hold payment of a minimum тВ╣ 1,000/month from April 1, 2015. The decision, set to affect 32 lakh out of a total of about 50 lakh pensioners, has been slammed by trade unions.

"While the matter is referred to the Government for a decision on the continuation of minimum pension provision beyond 2014-15, a direction is yet to be received. Under the circumstances, EPFO cannot go beyond the directions of the GovernmentтАж and the pension from the month of April 2015 will be released at earlier rates i.e. without the minimum pension provision," says an EPFO circular, dated April 9.

A minimum pension rate of тВ╣ 1,000/month was announced by the UPA government but could not be implemented because of the general elections in 2014. In September last year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced at a rally in Bengaluru that the scheme would be effective from October 1, 2015.

"There are 32 lakh people who are former employees of the Government of India who used to get pensions from тВ╣ 50 to тВ╣ 200. An old person who gets such a low pension will never be able to lead a life of dignity, thus we took a decision that the minimum pension that can be given will be тВ╣ 1,000", he had said.

Six months later, the EPFO has directed all its zonal offices to put on hold the тВ╣ 1,000 minimum pension and ensure that "no over payments take place."

Trade unions, have, meanwhile, criticised the government for the "unwanted delay in the issuance of orders" affecting old workers and widows, some of whom get a measly тВ╣ 150-500/month as pension.

"Trade unions had at that time objected, pointing out that the limited order will be used against the workers by stopping it at the will of the government. But, Government had assured us that it will not be stopped," said A K Padmanbhan, president, Centre of Indian Trade unions (CITU).

He said the circular has given rise to serious concern on the intentions of the government, as it comes in the background of various "retrograde" changes proposed in EPF schemes.

Hind Mazdoor Sabha Secretary A D Nagpal said all central trade unions would take up the issue with the Prime Minister and write a letter to him demanding resumption of the scheme. "We will also launch a nation-wide protest against this decision," he added.

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/efpo-puts-on-hold-1000month-minimum-pension-from-april-1-trade-unions-cry-foul/article7089647.ece

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Artile

http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/501490/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%86.%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE

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Church_Conspiracy:Many Dalits, and so called other lower caste people who were denied of their fundamental right to look forward with dignity, who count many in number, are being converted into Christians.

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Kishore Sherchand wrote
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Dear Tilak, Greta Rana, Himalyan Voice and Many Others,

Blaming others with prejudice does not make any sense. I am not a Christian but I have visited many churches both in USA and Nepal to learn more about who infact they are. I don't mind to pray if something I feel comfortable with love and compassion. I have no prejudice against any religion or faith. Here is my observation:

Many Dalits, and so called other lower caste people who were denied of their fundamental right to look forward with dignity, who count many in number, are being converted into Christians. On the other hand, those so called upper caste who are privileged in social status by caste and caste-ism I have met and friendly are reaping more due to their educational privilege by being Pastor, Church leaders and so on. If Christian prosecution is a problem, then why those privileged upper caste people then convert to. In this sense who to be blamed first ?┬а

Reminds me what the Chief Minister of UP, India Mayawati said in public, "The untouchability and social discrimination is so deeply rooted and rampant in India (definitely in Nepal), it is all most impossible to wipe out.┬аSo the only only way to get rid of this is "Conversion into other religion."┬аSurely those Evangelical Christians would do. There will be more people elsewhere willing to convert to. Because they are in desperate and wanting to find some way-out to improve their life and show up as a dignified citizen. Those Dalits and others marginalized are not yet prepared to think what they are now and what else next. Only when, those who can give something like education, health plus other benefits and means to live with a dignified life, can influence them.

In India, millions of those Dalits have sought their refuge to Buddha Dharma under the national Hero and founding father of Constitution of┬аModern┬аIndia. Dr. BR Ambedkar. Dr. Ambedkar criticized publicly the Hindu Dharma and made millions to convert to. Unfortunately, Dalits in Nepal are not yet ready to do this, rather those Evangelical Christians are much better prepared, even the Buddhists have been brainwashed by Manubad still not erased by law of the land. Buddhism by its very foundation does not recognize any caste, caste-ism and its social discrimination but the law of this land is forbidding.

May all be in peace, justice, happy and prosperity !

Om Namo Buddha Gyani !
Om Mane Padme Hum !
Om A Hung Mahen Yana Guru Pani Siddhi Hung !
Nam Myoho Renge Kyo !



┬а





┬а

On Sat, Apr 11, 2015 at 7:34 AM, Tilak Shrestha┬а<tilakbs@gmail.com>┬аwrote:

Himalayan voice,┬а

Namaste!

I am happy to note Bible being published in many languages. It makes easy for interested people to read. However, you should make your opinion on Bible only after reading it, not before. Please beware that Churches want you to believe it without understanding. I figured out Bible as nonsense only after reading it. Here is a short note on it.

By the way, you wrote people of high status can enjoy national wealth, not low status people. How is it and where you got the information? Does our constitution say so? Is there agency to distribute our national wealth by status? I thought you are a responsible reporter. Please let me know, where do I get my share of wealth, which you are not allowed to have?

Thanks, Tilak

_____________________________________________________________________

┬а

Truth and Christianity: A comparison.

┬а

Truth: Virtuous people go to heaven and evil people go to hell; regardless of race, gender, nationality, or religion.

Christianity: All the Christians automatically go to heaven, no matter how evil. All non-Christians automatically go to hell, no matter how virtuous.

┬а

Truth: Good heart within and good deeds outside earns heaven. Personal backgrounds and beliefs are irrelevant.

Christianity: Only way to heaven is to believe 'Jesus is Christ.' Good heart and good deeds are irrelevant.

┬а

Truth: The easiest way to God is unconditional love and devotion. Doctrines are irrelevant.

Christianity: The only way to God is by blindly believing all the Christian doctrines.

┬а

Truth: Love all. Humanity is one big family.

Christianity: Hate all. Jews, Muslims, Pagans, Buddhists, Mormons, atheists etc. are all heathens and wrong.

┬а

Truth: Truth ultimately always wins.

Christianity: Ignorant propaganda wins.

┬а

Truth: There are many spiritual paths. Therefore we should try conversation, not conversion.

Christianity: Only Christianity is true, all other religions are evil. Therefore, do not seek understanding or conversation. Must convert heathens to Christianity.

┬а

Truth: God is one and manifests in different forms to address the variety of human needs.

Christianity: God is a creature with three heads and one behind. Therefore, God is one and three same time.

┬а

Truth: Sins are not transferable. Every action has equal and opposite reaction. Therefore, every individual has to face the consequences of own actions: good for good, & bad for bad. On the other hand, a person is not punished or rewarded for the deeds of others. Personal beliefs are irrelevant.

Christianity: Sins are transferable. Because Adam committed sin by eating the apple of knowledge, all the humanity is condemned to death and women have labor pain. All the Jews are collectively guilty of Jesus' death. Jesus pays for other's sins. But the payment is contingent upon you converting to Christianity.

┬а

Truth: Inquiry of truth or seeking knowledge is one of the ways to God.

Christianity: Eating apple of knowledge is sinful. Critical examination of religious doctrines is condemned.

┬а

Truth: We should avoid dogmatic, intolerant and harmful attitude.

Christianity: Attack Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Paganism, Humanism, Atheism, and any other.

┬а

Truth: Goodness begets goodness, though it may not be obvious.

Christianity: Dark Age, inquisition, holocaust, and genocide.

┬а

Truth: Humanity is a part of the nature. Therefore all the living and non-living beings are interconnected.

Christianity: Humanity is the lord of nature. Therefore exploitation of nature is our divine right.

┬а

Truth: All children are God's creation: pure, sinless and divine.

Christianity: All babies are born in sin. However, Christian babies are pre-destined to go to heaven, others to hell.

┬а

Truth: Lord dwells in the hearts of all being. Each and every soul is always free, pure and divine.

Christianity: Only Christians are saved, all other souls are condemned to eternal hell.

┬а

In conclusion:

Truth: Real spiritual ways lead humanity to Truth, Divinity, Goodness, Conscience, Bliss, Non--violence, and Peace.

Christianity: It leads to? Make your own judgment.

┬а

O Lord, please enlighten these enemies of Galileo.

┬а

Converts need to know:

Christianity is offering you a handful of rice and in return asking you to give up your ancestral heritage. It is telling you that your non-Christian mother, father, brothers, sisters, friends and all your ancestors have or will go to hell. Your heritage is evil and you must discard them.

It is offering the 'Lie' that you can do any sin and yet you do not have to pay for it. 'Jesus has already suffered for you.' Try this nonsensical argument in any court of justice.

It instills fear in you that Adam committed sin and thus you will die. A demonstrable nonsense. Then Jesus pretends to relieve you from the punishment. And some how, you are to discard your heritage and be a slave to the Church. This is a typical swindling technique to fool weak minded idiots. The truth remains, you are neither responsible for Adam's sin, nor Jesus can suffer for your doing. We all do good and bad in our life, and have to face its consequences. Fruits of a person's deed, good or bad, are not transferable. By the way, the story of Adam is a myth, not a real history.

┬а

What is Christ:

'Christ' is a term from Judaism or of Jews. Judaism is strictly a monotheistic religion, i.e. God is single and powerful entity, without any associate, family or friends. Jewish people also believe that when the Jews are subjugated by others, God will anoint and send a Messiah or a Christ to free them. Bible defines the Messiah:

a. A man, neither God nor son of God

b. A powerful King, a direct descendant of King David

c. Chosen by God to free and gather together Jewish people

d. Would resurrect Kingdom of Israel, the Jewish temple and the throne of King David

e. Usher in an era of world peace

In Jesus' time Jews were under the control of Roman Empire. Jesus claimed to be the Christ and tried to fight the Roman occupation. Some Jews believed and fought for him. But Romans captured, mocked him as the King of Jews with crown of thorn, flogged and crucified him, a standard Roman punishment. Jewish people, who knew him well, thus came to conclusion that he really was not the Christ. Similarly, other past claimants like Bar Cochba and Shabbtai Tzvi have also been rejected. The claim that Jesus will fulfill the prophecies in the second coming has no basis in Bible.

┬а

Who was Jesus:

Jesus was a good hearted Jew. He is also known as 'Yesu', 'Yusuf', 'Isa' etc. in different languages and cultures. Jesus' biological father is a Roman soldier named 'Panthera.' When Jesus was growing up people used to make joke about his parentage. It gave him a mild form of psychological disorder 'paraphrenia', which makes him very sensitive toward poor, exploited and down trodden.

When he was about 13 years old he followed the ancient Silk Road and went to India. He studied in many places including Nepal, Varanasi, and Leh Monastery in Kashmir. He became a well-known scholar trained mostly in Buddha Dharma, Shiva Dharma and other Hindu traditions. He was important enough to be mentioned in the 'Rajatarangini', a royal chronicle of Kashmir Kings. His way of addressing God as 'Father' is directly from the 'Dwaita/ duel' tradition and his phrase 'Kingdom within' is from 'Adwaita/ non-duel' tradition of the Hinduism.

When he was of late twenties he came back to Israel, a well-educated and charismatic Rabbi. He was also a Jewish nationalist, opposed Roman occupation, and claimed to be the Jewish Christ \ Messiah \ King. But he claimed neither establishing a new religion, nor to be a biological-son of God, nor paying for other's sins. They are the wishful thinking added later. His main concern was to discipline Jews as a fighting force. He was not Gandhi and would not tolerate dissent. Luke┬а19:27┬а"тАж which would not that I should reign over them, bring hither, and slay them before me."

He led a small rebellion and Romans crucified him for it. He was on cross, only for a few hours and did not die. Later he escaped to India. He promised to return, but could not. His disciples, all of them practicing Jews, vainly waited for him. In India, he married, had children and died of old age. He was buried in Shrinagar, Kashmir. The temple built on his burial site exists even today. There are people who claim to be his descendant even today.

Jesus or his disciples have nothing to do with Christianity. Christianity, with all the absurd wishful doctrines, is the brainchild of Paul, who never met Jesus. And matter of fact, Jesus' disciples including his brother James accused Paul of telling lies.

The core 'Christian theme' that Jesus came to pay for other's sin is neither taught by Judaism, nor by Jesus. It is the doctrine of another religion 'Mithraism', where Lord Mithra pays for and forgives the sins of his believers. This copy and concoction of Paul is what you call Christianity today.

┬а

Socrates: Truth, unexamined, is not really truth.



On Sat, Apr 11, 2015 at 7:24 AM, The Himalayan Voice<himalayanvoice@gmail.com>┬аwrote:
Has anybody taken notice of - how SIL (Summer Institute of Linguistics) is welcomed at the Tribhuvan University, (so to say Nepal Government) to publish the bibles in different local languages in Nepal ?┬а

Does anyone know, in how many different local languages has the bible been translated ┬аalready in the country ?┬а

There is no reason ┬аat all blaming the┬аdowntrodden and oppressed people in the country.┬а

And, when there is 'high and low ┬аor upper and lower' "status" among the people ┬аby 'birth' only and those ┬аso-called 'high or upper'┬а┬аenjoy the national wealth and resources┬аundeterred ( рддрдерд╛рдХрдерд┐рддреН┬а'рдорд╛рдерд┐рд▓реНрд▓рд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрдХрд╛' рднрдиреНрдиреЗрд╣рд░реБрд▓реЗ рдЬреЗ рдЧрд░реЗ рдкрдирд┐ рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫ - рдЬрд╕реНрддреЛ рдХрд┐, рдХреЗ рдкреА рдУрд▓реАрд╣рд░реБрд▓реЗ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХрд╛рдЧрдЬ рдкрддреНрд░рдорд╛┬ардЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рд╢реИрдХреНрд╖рд┐рдХ рдпреЛрдЧреНрдпрддрд╛┬а'рдорд╛рдирд╛рд░реНрде рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд╡рд╛рд░рд┐рдзреА'┬ард▓реЗрдЦреЗ рдкрдирд┐ рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫ ! рд╡рд╕реНрддрд╛рд╡рдорд╛┬ардорд╛рдирд╛рд░реНрде рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд╡рд╛рд░рд┐рдзреАрд▓рд╛рдЗ┬а рдХреБрдиреИ рдФрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдХ рд╢реИрдХреНрд╖рд┐рдХ рдпреЛрдЧреНрдпрддрд╛ рдиреИ рдорд╛рдирд┐рджреИрди !)┬аbut those┬аwho are┬аwell educated, talented or qualified┬аsuffer discrimination, oppression, suppression etc. (Please refer to Belbari incident some two years ago, a Dalit's application reject at a bank, etc.) there is always a┬аchance for┬аswitching to another faith. ┬а

Thank you all. Have a nice┬аweekend┬а!

--┬а
The Himalayan Voice
Skype: thehimalayanvoice
[THE HIMALAYAN VOICE does not endorse the opinions of the author or any opinions expressed on its pages. Articles and comments can be emailed to:┬аhimalayanvoice@gmail.com, ┬й Copyright┬аThe Himalayan Voice┬а2015]
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April 14th - Shut It Down across the US - check out the latest news!

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Dear comrades and friends,

I'm writing you to call your attention to the important day of action to disrupt business as usual across the United States this Tuesday, 14 April. The wanton murder in South Carolina of Walter Scott shot in the back by yet another murdering cop who fully expected to get away with it is just the latest reminder of the need to take a stand against police murder of Black people and people of colour, especially our youth, right now.
You can follow this and contribute in different ways at the Stop Mass Incarceration website at┬аhttp://stopmassincarceration.net/┬а - here's their current front page:

Cornel West Calls For April 14 Shut Down In Response
To Wave Of Police Killings Of Unarmed People
During the extraordinary EMERGENCY program heldMonday┬аin New York, the Church of St. Paul & St. Andrew shook with the passionate determination to put a STOP to the killing of unarmed black and Latino people.
Cornel West spoke with fury seldom heard, scathing against those in power and all who stand aside when the business as usual of police killing unarmed people goes on, even before┬аvideo showed the most recent police killing of unarmed Walter ScottSaturday in South Carolina.┬аDr. West joined Carl Dix and the families of six unarmed people killed by police; Arturo O'Farrill; Cindy Sheehan; Alice Walker and Eve Ensler in calling on people to┬аwalk out of school and work on┬аTuesday April 14.
┬а
We need to fight this fight in such a way as to put an end to this and the many other horrors of life under the capitalist system forever тАУ so that our children and their children are not fighting this same fight. And to bring into being a world where there are neither oppressed nor oppressors, and no system of institutionalized violence enforcing the divisions and inequalities that now rack our planet and its people. I would urge you to also check out the web site of the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA in relation to the April 14th┬аevents, at┬аwww.revcom.us

Yours in the struggle, Robert Borba
robertborba@yahoo.com┬атАУ FB
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Change The Money And Change The World

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Dear Friend,

If you think the content of this news letter is critical for the dignified living and survival of humanity and other species on earth, please forward it to your friends and spread the word. It's time for humanity to come together as one family! You can subscribe to our news letter here┬аhttp://www.countercurrents.org/subscribe.htm. You can also follow us on twitter,┬аhttp://twitter.com/countercurrents┬аand on Facebook,┬аhttp://www.facebook.com/countercurrents

In Solidarity
Binu Mathew
Editor
www.countercurrents.org


Ukraine Breaks Minsk Agreement; Reinvades Donbass
By Eric Zuesse

http://www.countercurrents.org/zuesse110415.htm

Shells are whistling again over the cities of Donbass. In Donetsk the sirens of ambulances and emergency services are heard. Under fire: Kievsky district, Oktyabrsky village, Panfilov mine village, Gladkova, Severny, Putilovka. The entire evening of April 9 there was a battle in the village of Spartak and near Peski


Ukraine Blocks 10,000 Websites, Confiscates A Newspaper
By Eric Zuesse

http://www.countercurrents.org/zuesse110415A.htm

I reported yesterday, the Security Bureau of Ukraine, on April 7th, had seized and disappeared two Odessa bloggers. The follow-up to that story is the news on April 9th, which was reported in the courageous independent Kiev newspaper, Vesti, that "SBU has blocked more than 10,000 websites." It says that, "Law enforcers seized the servers," and that one SBU official told the newspaper, "'We have made the decision of the court and confiscated equipment.' He promised to return the servers in two months."


It Is Not Confusing That US Abandons Own Citizens
In Yemen War-Zone But Rescues Saudi Bombers
By Robert Barsocchini

http://www.countercurrents.org/barsocchini110415.htm

Most Americans have no idea any of these events are occurring or have only vague, US government/press-created notions of them, but many who are cognizant тАУ principally the abandoned people themselves тАУ express confusion. Why would eight countries, including Russia, China, and India, carry out risky missions to save their own citizens, as well as foreign nationals, stuck in Yemen, but the US would staunchly refuse to do so? All we ever hear from the US government and press is that the US is so incredibly good and altruistic. So, how could this be happening?


The Video That Could Indict The Pentagon For Murder
By David Swanson

http://www.countercurrents.org/swanson110415.htm

Words don't seem to do the job. Explaining that police were getting away with murder wasn't producing any indictments. A video finally indicted a cop. Now we need the video that can indict the world's policeman


7 Ways Saudi Arabia Is Silencing People Online
By Ben Beaumont

http://www.countercurrents.org/beaumont110415.htm

Raif Badawi is serving a 10-year prison sentence in Saudi Arabia, mainly for setting up a website. We talk to another local blogger тАУ who has to remain anonymous for their own safety тАУ about different tactics the authorities use to silence people online


Change The Money And Change The World
By Mark Kirkwood Callingham

http://www.countercurrents.org/callingham110415.htm

Project for a New Economic Century (PNEC) offers a practical way to change direction and choose our own course. Essentially the strategy is to craft a monetary system with a code of ethics that is owned by the people. A people's currency co-developed by a wide range of individuals representing vast amounts of knowledge & experiences


Those Who Collaborate With The West: Traitors From Developing Countries Unite!
By Andre Vltchek

http://www.countercurrents.org/vltchek110415.htm

How many magazines, newspapers and television stations in the Middle East, Southeast Asia or East and West Africa are actually there to inform people, and how many are serving, dutifully, the propaganda apparatus of the Empire? It is enough to check the sources of the foreign news coverage, incountries like Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the entire Gulf, or even India, and the answer becomes obvious


Art Amid The Flames Of War
By Zanyar Omrani

http://www.countercurrents.org/omrani110415.htm

Syria has gained the capacity to tolerate 'sin'. Omar Shiyukh and Ram Aslan, two 'sinful' young men, appreciate the streets, where there is no need for majestic galleries, well-equipped amphitheater, and useless attached pieces of paper. They have occupied Amuda, a small Kurdish town in northern Syria


Water or Wine? California's Drought And Water Competition
By Shepherd Bliss

http://www.countercurrents.org/bliss110415.htm

"California Puts Mandatory Curbs on Water Use" reports the April 2 New York Times long article at the top of the front-page. "Steps to Confront Record-Setting Drought," the sub-headline reads. The article describes Gov. Jerry Brown's executive orderтАФCalifornia's first time restricting water use. A 25% reduction of water use over the next year is required of residents, golf courses, cemeteries, and many businesses. But wait. "Owners of large farmsтАжwill not fall under the 25% guideline."


The Sin And The Error
By Ravi Sinha

http://www.countercurrents.org/sibha110415.htm

Future historians of India may well describe the past year as a year of political sin. This was the year in which the man who had earlier presided over the Gujarat Carnage was awarded the ultimate prize. The year saw an election that touched a new low marked by shallowness, vulgarities and lies тАУ in no small measure by the labors of the man himself. Equally appalling have been the exertions of a large class of literati and glitterati to portray philistinism and inanities spouted by the most powerful mouth as wisdom of a visionary leader


Killing For Blasphemy: Anything But Islamic
By Taj Hashmi

http://www.countercurrents.org/hashmi110415.htm

Yet another blogger was hacked to death for alleged blasphemous postings against Islam, in Bangladesh. Islamist fanatics killed Oyasiqur Rahman (27) with meat cleavers for his vitriolic anti-Islamic postings on 30th March in broad daylight, on a crowded street in Dhaka. This happened five weeks after the killing of blogger Avijit Roy, in the similar manner, for the similar reason. While police (who were in close proximity) miserably failed to save Roy's life and arrest his killers, this time they managed to arrest two of the three assailants with the help of bystanders

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рдиреНрдпрд╛рдпрд╛рд▓рдп рдиреЗ рдЖрдИрдЯреА рдПрдХреНрдЯ рдХреА рдзрд╛рд░рд╛- 66(рдП) рд╕рдорд╛рдкреНрдд рдХрд░рдирд╛ рд╣реА рдЙрдЪрд┐рдд рд╕рдордЭрд╛, рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ
рдмрд╛рд╡рдЬреВрдж рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреА рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдкреНрд░рдгрд╛рд▓реА рдореЗрдВ рдХреЛрдИ рдЕрдВрддрд░ рдЖрддрд╛ рдирдЬрд░ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдЖ рд░рд╣рд╛ред рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢
рдХреЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рдБрд╢ рдЬрд┐рд▓реЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╣рд╛рд▓рд╛рдд рд▓рдЧрднрдЧ рдПрдХ рд╕рдорд╛рди рд╣реА рд╣реИрдВред рдпреМрди рд╢реЛрд╖рдг, рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛, рд▓реВрдЯ,
рд░рд╛рд╣рдЬрдиреА рдЬреИрд╕реА рдЬрдШрдиреНрдпрддрдо рд╡рд╛рд░рджрд╛рддреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рд▓реЗрдХрд░ рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рдХреЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рдВрд╢ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ
рдЖрдо рдЖрджрдореА рджрд╣рд╢рдд рдореЗрдВ рд╣реИрдВред рдмрд╛рд░рд┐рд╢ рдФрд░ рддреЗрдЬ рд╣рд╡рд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЗ рдкреНрд░рдХреЛрдк рд╕реЗ рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рдХреЗ рдХрд┐рд╕рд╛рди
рддрдмрд╛рд╣ рд╣реЛ рдЪреБрдХреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдФрд░ рд▓рдЧрд╛рддрд╛рд░ рдЖрддреНрдо рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд░ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛рдпреЗрдВ рдШрд░ рдХреЗ
рджрд░рд╡рд╛рдЬреЗ рд╕реЗ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдХрджрдо рд░рдЦрдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдбрд░рдиреЗ рд▓рдЧреА рд╣реИрдВред рдПрд╕рд┐рдб рдЕрдЯреИрдХ рдХреЗ рдорд╛рдорд▓реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдЙрддреНрддрд░
рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рдХрд╛ рджреЗрд╢ рдореЗрдВ рдкрд╣рд▓рд╛ рдирдВрдмрд░ рд╣реИ, рдпрд╣рд╛рдБ рд╡рд░реНрд╖- 2014 рдореЗрдВ 185 рдмреЗрдХрд╕реВрд░
рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛рдпреЗрдВ рдПрд╕рд┐рдб рдЕрдЯреИрдХ рдХрд╛ рд╢рд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рд╣реЛ рдЪреБрдХреА рд╣реИрдВред рдмрд╛рд▓ рд╢реЛрд╖рдг рдХреА рднреА рдРрд╕реА рд╣реА рд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐
рд╣реИ, рдЕрд░реНрдерд╛рдд рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рдХрд╛ рд╣рд░ рд╡рд░реНрдЧ рдкреВрд░реА рддрд░рд╣ рддреНрд░рд╕реНрдд рдирдЬрд░ рдЖ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рджрдмрдВрдЧ,
рдорд╛рдлрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╡ рдЕрдкрд░рд╛рдзреА рдорд╕реНрдд рдирдЬрд░ рдЖ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рд╡рд╣реАрдВ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдЦреЗрд▓ рдореЗрдВ рд╡реНрдпрд╕реНрдд рд╣реИред
рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрди рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реИ, рдлрд┐рд░ рднреА рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рд░рд╛рдЬрдзрд╛рдиреА рд▓рдЦрдирдК рдореЗрдВ рдЪрд▓ рд░рд╣реЗ рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрди
рдЧреНрд░рд╛рдореАрдг рдХреНрд░рд┐рдХреЗрдЯ рд▓реАрдЧ (рдЖрдИрдЬреАрд╕реАрдПрд▓) рдХреЛ рдмреЬреА рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдзрд┐ рдорд╛рди рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИ, рдЬрдмрдХрд┐ рд╕рд╡рд╛рд▓ рдпрд╣
рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдЬреАрд╡рди рд░рд╣реЗрдЧрд╛, рддрднреА рддреЛ рдХреЛрдИ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рдХрд░реЗрдЧрд╛? рд╣рд╛рд▓-рдлрд┐рд▓рд╣рд╛рд▓ рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рдХреЗ рд╣рд╛рд▓рдд
рдРрд╕реЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдХрд┐ рдпрд╣рд╛рдБ рд▓реЛрдЧреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдЬреАрд╡рди рд╣реА рджрд╛рдВрд╡ рдкрд░ рд▓рдЧрд╛ рд╣реБрдЖ рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕реЗ рдмрдЪрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЛ
рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЛ рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рдкреНрд░рдпрд╛рд╕ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдЪрд╛рд╣рд┐рдП, рд╡реИрд╕реЗ рдкреНрд░рдпрд╛рд╕ рдХрд░рддреА рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдирдЬрд░ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдЖ
рд░рд╣реАред

рдЕрд╕рд▓рд┐рдпрдд рдореЗрдВ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЛ рдЬрдирддрд╛ рдХреЗ рд╣рд┐рддреЛрдВ рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕рдХреА рднрд╛рд╡рдирд╛рдУрдВ рд╕реЗ рдмрд╣реБрдд рдЬреНрдпрд╛рджрд╛
рд▓реЗрдирд╛-рджреЗрдирд╛ рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реИред рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рдЬрдм рджрдВрдЧреЛрдВ рдХреА рдЖрдЧ рдореЗрдВ рдЭреБрд▓рд╕ рд░рд╣рд╛ рдерд╛ рдФрд░ рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рдХреЗ
рд╕рд╛рде рд╕рдореВрдЪреЗ рджреЗрд╢ рдореЗрдВ рдЖрд▓реЛрдЪрдирд╛ рд╣реЛ рд░рд╣реА рдереА, рддрдм рднреА рд╕рдм рдХреБрдЫ рдирдЬрд░ рдЕрдВрджрд╛реЫ рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реБрдП
рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рд╕реИрдлрдИ рдорд╣реЛрддреНрд╕рд╡ рдХрд╛ рдЖрдирдВрдж рд▓реЗрддреА рдирдЬрд░ рдЖ рд░рд╣реА рдереА, рдЗрд╕рд▓рд┐рдП рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрди рдЧреНрд░рд╛рдореАрдг
рдХреНрд░рд┐рдХреЗрдЯ рд▓реАрдЧ (рдЖрдИрдЬреАрд╕реАрдПрд▓) рдореЗрдВ рд╡реНрдпрд╕реНрддрддрд╛ рдкрд░ рдЖрд╢реНрдЪрд░реНрдп рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реЛрддрд╛, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рд╕реНрддрдмреНрдз
рдХрд░ рджреЗрдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рдмрд╛рдд рдпрд╣ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреА рд░рд╛рд╣ рдкрд░ рд╣реА рдкреНрд░рд╢рд╛рд╕рди рднреА рдЪрд▓ рдкреЬрд╛ рд╣реИред
рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╣рд╛рд╣рд╛рдХрд╛рд░ рдордЪрд╛ рд╣реБрдЖ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдХрд╛ рдЬрд┐рд▓рд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╢рд╛рд╕рди рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдорд╣реЛрддреНрд╕рд╡
рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрд┐рдд рдХрд░ рд╢реЛрд╖рд┐рдд рд╡рд░реНрдЧ рдХреА рдЪреАрдЦреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рджрдмрд╛рдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдпрд╛рд╕ рдХрд░рддрд╛ рдирдЬрд░ рдЖ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИред

рд╕рдкрд╛ рд╕реБрдкреНрд░реАрдореЛ рдореБрд▓рд╛рдпрдо рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдпрд╛рджрд╡ рдФрд░ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдкрд░рд┐рдЬрди рдЗрдЯрд╛рд╡рд╛ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдЬрд┐рд▓реЗ
рдХреЛ рдЕрдкрдирд╛ рджреВрд╕рд░рд╛ рдШрд░ рдорд╛рдирддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдореБрд▓рд╛рдпрдо рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдпрд╛рджрд╡ рд╕рд╣рд╕рд╡рд╛рди рд╡ рдЧреБрдиреНрдиреМрд░ рд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рди
рд╕рднрд╛ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рд╕реЗ рд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рдпрдХ рд░рд╣ рдЪреБрдХреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рд╡реЗ рд╡ рдкреНрд░реЛ. рд░рд╛рдордЧреЛрдкрд╛рд▓ рдпрд╛рджрд╡ рд╕рдВрднрд▓
рд▓реЛрдХрд╕рднрд╛ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рд╕реЗ рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕рдж рднреА рд░рд╣ рдЪреБрдХреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рд╡рд░реНрддрдорд╛рди рдореЗрдВ рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рд▓реЛрдХрд╕рднрд╛
рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рд╕реЗ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рднрддреАрдЬреЗ рдзрд░реНрдореЗрдиреНрджреНрд░ рдпрд╛рджрд╡ рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕рдж рд╣реИрдВ, рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ 11 рдЕрдкреНрд░реИрд▓ рдХреЛ
рдЬрд┐рд▓рд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╢рд╛рд╕рди рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрд┐рдд рддреАрди рджрд┐рд╡рд╕реАрдп рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдорд╣реЛрддреНрд╕рд╡ рдХрд╛ рджреАрдк
рдкреНрд░рдЬреНрдЬреНрд╡рд▓рд┐рдд рдХрд░ рд╢реБрднрд╛рд░рдВрдн рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ред рдЗрд╕рд╕реЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рд╢рд╛рд╕рди-рдкреНрд░рд╢рд╛рд╕рди рдХреА рдорджрдж рд╕реЗ рдЕрдлрд╕рд░реЛрдВ
рдФрд░ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдЬрд┐рд▓реЗ рднрд░ рдХреЗ рдзрдирдкрддрд┐рдпреЛрдВ, рдорд╛рдлрд┐рдпрд╛рдУрдВ рдФрд░ рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рд╕реЗ
рдмреЬреЗ рд╕реНрддрд░ рдкрд░ рдЙрдЧрд╛рд╣реА рдХреА рдЧрдИред рд╡рд┐рднрд┐рдиреНрди рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдорджреЛрдВ рдФрд░ рдЙрдЧрд╛рд╣реА рд╕реЗ рдорд┐рд▓реЗ рдзрди рд╕реЗ
рдЦреЗрд▓-рдХреВрдж, рдХреБрд╢реНрддреА, рдирд┐рд╢рд╛рдиреЗрдмрд╛рдЬреА, рд░рдВрдЧреЛрд▓реА, рд╕рд╛рдИрдХрд┐рд▓ рдореИрд░рд╛рдерди, рдореБрд╢рд╛рдпрд░рд╛, рдХрд╡рд┐
рд╕рдореНрдореЗрд▓рди рдФрд░ рдореНрдпреВрдЬрд┐рдХрд▓ рдирд╛рдЗрдЯ рдХреЗ рдирд╛рдо рдкрд░ рдЪрдВрдж рд▓реЛрдЧ рддреАрди рджрд┐рди рдЬрдордХрд░ рдорд╕реНрддреА рдХрд░реЗрдВрдЧреЗред
рд╣рд╛рд▓рд╛рдБрдХрд┐ рдорд╣реЛрддреНрд╕рд╡ рдХреЛ рдкреНрд░рд╢рд╛рд╕рди рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рддреНрдпрд┐рдХ рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрди рдХрд░рд╛рд░ рджреЗрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдорд╣реЛрддреНрд╕рд╡
рдореЗрдВ рд╢рдХреАрд▓ рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВрдиреА рдХрд╛ рдЬрд┐рдХреНрд░ рддрдХ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛, рдЬрдмрдХрд┐ рджреБрдирд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЗ рддрдорд╛рдо
рджреЗрд╢реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡ рдкреНрд░рд╕рд┐рджреНрдз рдЧреАрддрдХрд╛рд░ рд╢рдХреАрд▓ рдХреЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рдЬрд╛рдирд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ,
рдЗрд╕реА рддрд░рд╣ рд╢реМрдХрдд рдЕрд▓реА рдлрд╛рдиреА рдХрд╛ рднреА рдХреЛрдИ рдирд╛рдо рдирд╣реАрдВ рд▓реЗрддрд╛ рдФрд░ рд╣рд╛рд▓ рд╣реА рдХреЗ рд╡рд░реНрд╖реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ
рд╢рд░реАрд░ рддреНрдпрд╛рдЧрдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡ рдкреНрд░рд╕рд┐рджреНрдз рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рддреНрдпрдХрд╛рд░ рдбреЙ. рдмреНрд░рдЬреЗрдиреНрджреНрд░ рдЕрд╡рд╕реНрдереА рдХреЗ
рдирд╛рдо рддрдХ рдХрд╛ рдХреЛрдИ рдЙрд▓реНрд▓реЗрдЦ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд░рддрд╛, рдРрд╕реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдорд╣реЛрддреНрд╕рд╡ рдХреЛ рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рддреНрдпрд┐рдХ
рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрди рдХреИрд╕реЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ?

рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдЬрд┐рд▓реЗ рдХреЗ рд╣рд╛рд▓рд╛рддреЛрдВ рдХреА рдмрд╛рдд рдХрд░реЗрдВ, рддреЛ рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдЬрд┐рд▓рд╛ рдЙрддреНрддрд░ рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рдХреЗ рдЙрди
рдЬрд┐рд▓реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╢реАрд░реНрд╖ рдкрд░ рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рди рдЬрд┐рд▓реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рдиреВрди рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рдХреА рд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐ рд╕рд░реНрд╡рд╛рдзрд┐рдХ
рджрдпрдиреАрдп рд╣реИред рдХрдЯрд░рд╛ рд╕рдЖрджрддрдЧрдВрдЬ рдХрд╛рдВрдб рдХреЗ рдЪрд▓рддреЗ рджреЗрд╢ рдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡ рдкрдЯрд▓ рдкрд░ рд╢рд░реНрдорд╕рд╛рд░ рд╣реЛрдирд╛
рдкреЬрд╛ рдерд╛, рдЗрд╕реА рддрд░рд╣ рдерд╛рдирд╛ рдореВрд╕рд╛рдЭрд╛рдЧ рдФрд░ рдХреЛрддрд╡рд╛рд▓реА рдЙрдЭрд╛рдиреА рдкрд░рд┐рд╕рд░ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рд┐рдкрд╛рд╣рд┐рдпреЛрдВ
рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдХрд┐рд╢реЛрд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдХреА рдЧрдИ рдпреМрди рдЙрддреНрдкреАреЬрди рдХреА рд╡рд╛рд░рджрд╛рддреЛрдВ рд╕реЗ рднреА рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рдХреА
рдЫрд╡рд┐ рдЦрд░рд╛рдм рд╣реЛ рдЪреБрдХреА рд╣реИ, рдЗрди рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдШрдЯрдирд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЗ рдЕрд▓рд╛рд╡рд╛ рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдЬрд┐рд▓реЗ рдореЗрдВ рд╣рд░ рджрд┐рди
рдХрд┐рд╕реА рди рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдореЗрдВ рдЬрдШрдиреНрдпрддрдо рд╡рд╛рд░рджрд╛рдд рдШрдЯрд┐рдд рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реА рд░рд╣рддреА рд╣реИред рдЪрд╛рд░ рджрд┐рди
рдкреВрд░реНрд╡ рд╣реБрдИ рд╡рд╛рд░рджрд╛рдд рдХреЗ рдЪрд▓рддреЗ рддреЛ рдЬрд┐рд▓реЗ рднрд░ рдХреЗ рд▓реЛрдЧ рджрд╣рд╢рдд рдореЗрдВ рд╣реИрдВред рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рд╢рд╣рд░ рдХреЗ
рдореЛрд╣рд▓реНрд▓рд╛ рдмреНрд░рд╛рд╣реНрдордкреБрд░ рдореЗрдВ рд░рд╣рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛рдирд┐рд╡реГрдд рдЕрднрд┐рдпрдВрддрд╛ рд╡реАрдХреЗ рдЧреБрдкреНрддрд╛ (72) рдФрд░
рдЙрдирдХреА рдкрддреНрдиреА рд╢рдиреНрдиреЛ рджреЗрд╡реА (68) рдХреЗ 8 рдЕрдкреНрд░реИрд▓ рдХреА рд░рд╛рдд рдореЗрдВ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдШрд░ рдореЗрдВ рд╢рд╡ рдмрд░рд╛рдордж
рд╣реБрдП рдереЗред рдкрддрд┐-рдкрддреНрдиреА рдШрд░ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдХреЗрд▓реЗ рд░рд╣рддреЗ рдереЗ рдФрд░ рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдЪрд╛рдХреВ рд╡ рд░реЙрдб рд╕реЗ рдЧреЛрдж
рдХрд░ рдорд╛рд░ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХрд╛ рдЦреБрд▓рд╛рд╕рд╛ рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдЕрднреА рддрдХ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд░ рдкрд╛рдИ рд╣реИ, рдЬрдмрдХрд┐ рдореГрддрдХ
рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдореБрдХреБрд▓ рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд╛рдВрдб рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд╛рджреА рдереЗред

рдмрддрд╛ рджреЗрдВ рдХрд┐ 30 рдЬреВрди 2007 рдХреЛ рдмрд░реЗрд▓реА рдореЗрдВ рдПрдПрд╕рдкреА рдХреЗ рдкрдж рдкрд░ рддреИрдирд╛рдд рдкреНрд░рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖реБ рдЬреЗ.
рд░рд╡реАрдиреНрджреНрд░ рдЧреМреЬ рдХреЗ рдиреЗрддреГрддреНрд╡ рдореЗрдВ рдмрд░реЗрд▓реА рдЬрд┐рд▓реЗ рдХреЗ рдлрддреЗрд╣рдЧрдВрдЬ рдкрд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдореА рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдореЗрдВ
рдПрдХ рдореБрдарднреЗреЬ рд╣реБрдИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдореЗрдВ рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд╕реА рдПрдХ рдпреБрд╡рд╛ рдореБрдХреБрд▓ рдЧреБрдкреНрддрд╛ рдХреЛ рдорд╛рд░ рджрд┐рдпрд╛
рдЧрдпрд╛ рдерд╛ред рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕реЗ рдЦреВрдВрдЦрд╛рд░ рдЕрдкрд░рд╛рдзреА рдмрддрд╛рдпрд╛ рдерд╛, рдЬрдмрдХрд┐ рдореБрдХреБрд▓ рдмрд░реЗрд▓реА рдореЗрдВ
рд╕рд╛рдзрд╛рд░рдг рдХрдореНрдкреНрдпреВрдЯрд░ рдСрдкрд░реЗрдЯрд░ рдерд╛ред рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдХреА рдХрд╣рд╛рдиреА рдХреЛ рд╡реАрдХреЗ рдЧреБрдкреНрддрд╛ рдиреЗ рдЭреВрдард╛
рдмрддрд╛рдпрд╛ рдерд╛ рдФрд░ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдЕрджрд╛рд▓рдд рдореЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рд╛рд░реНрдердирд╛ рдкрддреНрд░ рджреЗрдХрд░ рдореБрдарднреЗреЬ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ
рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдХрд░реНрдорд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рд░реБрджреНрдз рдПрдлрдЖрдИрдЖрд░ рд▓рд┐рдЦрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреА рдЧреБрд╣рд╛рд░ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдИ рдереА, рдЬрд┐рд╕ рдкрд░ рдЕрджрд╛рд▓рдд
рдиреЗ рдореБрдХрджрдорд╛ рд▓рд┐рдЦрдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рджреЗ рджрд┐рдпрд╛, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдиреЗ рдореБрджрдХрдореЗ рдореЗрдВ рдлрд╛рдЗрдирд▓
рд░рд┐рдкреЛрд░реНрдЯ рд▓рдЧрд╛ рджреА рдереА, рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рд╢рд╣рд░ рдХреЗ рдЙрд╕ рд╡рдХреНрдд рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рдпрдХ рдорд╣реЗрд╢ рдЪрдВрджреНрд░
рдЧреБрдкреНрддрд╛ рдиреЗ рдЗрд╕ рдорд╛рдорд▓реЗ рдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рди рд╕рднрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдЙрдард╛рдпрд╛ рдерд╛, рдЬрд┐рд╕ рдкрд░ рд╢рд╛рд╕рди рдиреЗ
рд╕реАрдмреАрд╕реАрдЖрдИрдбреА рдЬрд╛рдВрдЪ рдХрд░рд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рджреЗ рджрд┐рдП рдереЗ, рдкрд░ рд╕реАрдмреАрд╕реАрдЖрдИрдбреА рдЬрд╛рдВрдЪ рдореЗрдВ рднреА рдХреБрдЫ
рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реБрдЖред рд╣рд╛рд░ рдХрд░ рдмреБрдЬрд░реНрдЧ рд╡реАрдХреЗ рдЧреБрдкреНрддрд╛ рдиреЗ рд╣рд╛рдИрдХреЛрд░реНрдЯ рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╣рд╛рд░рд╛ рд▓рд┐рдпрд╛ рдерд╛ рдФрд░ 26
рдлрд░рд╡рд░реА 2010 рдХреЛ рд╣рд╛рдИрдХреЛрд░реНрдЯ рдиреЗ рдорд╛рдорд▓реЗ рдХреА рд╕реАрдмреАрдЖрдИ рдЬрд╛рдВрдЪ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рджрд┐рдП рдереЗред
рд╕реАрдмреАрдЖрдИ рдиреЗ рдЗрд╕ рдорд╛рдорд▓реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЖрдИрдкреАрдПрд╕ рдЬреЗ. рд░рд╡рд┐рдиреНрджреНрд░ рдЧреМреЬ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рджрд╕ рдЖрд░реЛрдкреА рдмрдирд╛рдпреЗ
рдФрд░ рдЬреЗ. рд░рд╡рд┐рдиреНрджреНрд░ рдЧреМреЬ рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рд░реБрджреНрдз рд╕реБрдмреВрдд рдЬреБрдЯрд╛ рдХрд░ рд╢рд╛рд╕рди рд╕реЗ рдЕрднрд┐рдпреЛрдЬрди рдХреА рдЕрдиреБрдорддрд┐
рдорд╛рдВрдЧреА, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рд╢рд╛рд╕рди рдиреЗ рдЕрдиреБрдорддрд┐ рдирд╣реАрдВ рджреА рд╣реИред рдореГрддрдХ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдмреЗрдЯреЗ рдХреЛ рдиреНрдпрд╛рдп рджрд┐рд▓рд╛рдиреЗ
рдХреА рдЬрдВрдЧ рд▓реЬ рд░рд╣реЗ рдереЗ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рд╕реНрдерд╛рдиреАрдп рдкреНрд░рд╢рд╛рд╕рди рди рдЙрдирдХреА рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрд╛ рдФрд░ рди рд╣реА
рдЕрдм рддрдХ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдЦреЛрдЬ рдкрд╛рдпрд╛ рд╣реИред

рдмрд╛рд░рд┐рд╢ рдФрд░ рддреЗрдЬ рд╣рд╡рд╛рдУрдВ рдиреЗ рд╕рдореВрдЪреЗ рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╣рд░ рдмрд░рдкрд╛рдпрд╛ рд╣реИ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рд╕рд░реНрд╡рд╛рдзрд┐рдХ
рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡рд┐рдд рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдЬрд┐рд▓рд╛ рд╢реАрд░реНрд╖ рдкрд░ рд╣реИ, рдпрд╣рд╛рдБ рдЕрдм рддрдХ рджрд╕ рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ
рдХрд┐рд╕рд╛рди рдЖрддреНрдо рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд░ рдЪреБрдХреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рдЬрд┐рдирдХреЗ рдЖрд╢реНрд░рд┐рдд рдЬреЬрд╡рдд рдирдЬрд░ рдЖ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдмрд░реНрдмрд╛рдж
рдХрд┐рд╕рд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдХреЛрд╣рд░рд╛рдо рдордЪрд╛ рд╣реБрдЖ рд╣реИ, рдЙрдирдХреА рдЖрдБрдЦреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдкрд╛рдиреА рд╕реВрдЦ рдЪреБрдХрд╛
рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рд╢рд░реАрд░ рдореЗрдВ рдЗрддрдиреА рд╢рдХреНрддрд┐ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдмрдЪреА рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдореБрдВрд╣ рд╕реЗ рдЖрд╣ рднреА рдирд┐рдХрд▓ рд╕рдХреЗ, рдЙрдирдХреА
рд╣рд╛рд▓рдд рджреЗрдЦ рдХрд░ рд╣рд░ рдЖрдБрдЦ рдирдо рд╣реИ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЬрд┐рд▓рд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╢рд╛рд╕рди рдЗрддрдирд╛ рдЕрдорд╛рдирд╡реАрдп рд╣реЛ рдЪрд▓рд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐
рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рд╕рд╛рдВрддреНрд╡рдирд╛ рджреЗрдиреЗ рдХреА рдЬрдЧрд╣ рдЬрд╢реНрди рдордирд╛ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИред

рдмреА.рдкреА. рдЧреМрддрдо
рд╕реНрд╡рддрдВрддреНрд░ рдкрддреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░


рдиреЛрдЯ- рдмрджрд╛рдпреВрдВ рдорд╣реЛрддреНрд╕рд╡ рдХрд╛ рджреАрдк рдкреНрд░рдЬреНрдЬреНрд╡рд▓рд┐рдд рдХрд░ рд╢реБрднрд╛рд░рдВрдн рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕рдж рдзрд░реНрдореЗрдиреНрджреНрд░ рдпрд╛рджрд╡ред
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Pakistan's Involvement in Yemen

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┬аPakistan's Involvement in Yemen
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On Sat, Apr 11, 2015 at 9:50 PM, Farida Majid┬а<farida_majid@hotmail.com>┬аwrote:
Salute to the Pakistani Parliament.


Greetings and appreciation to all Pakistani Parliament members for voting NO to Pakistan participation in Saudi aggression against Yemen.



From:┬аzoglul@hotmail.co.uk
To:┬аpfc-friends@googlegroups.com
Subject: RE: {PFC-Friends} Fwd: Pakistan's Involvement in Yemen
Date: Sat, 11 Apr 2015 09:33:55 +0100


Forwarding to you the following:

The Pentagon plan to 'divide and rule' the Muslim world
Nafeez Ahmed
Friday 3 April 2015┬а
The article is as follows:┬а
The Middle East Eye

The Pentagon plan to 'divide and rule' the Muslim world
Nafeez Ahmed's picture
Friday 3 April 2015 12:30 BST


Yemen is the latest casualty of a neoconservative strategy commissioned by the US Army to 'capitalise on Sunni-Shia conflict' in the Middle East - the goal is nothing short of 'Western dominance'

Yemen is on the┬аbrink┬аof "total collapse" according to the UN high commissioner for human rights. Saudi Arabia's terror from the air,┬аbacked┬аby Washington, Britain and an unprecedented coalition of Gulf states, has attempted to push back the takeover of Yemen's capital Sanaa by Shiite Houthi rebels.

As Iran-backed Houthi forces have pressed into Aden, clashing with Yemeni troops loyal to exiled President Abd Rabbuh Mansour Hadi, the US has provided live video feeds from US surveillance drones to aid with Saudi targeting. The Pentagon is set to expand┬аmilitary aid┬аto the┬аopen-ended┬аoperation, supplying more intelligence, bombs and aerial refuelling missions.

Yet growing evidence suggests that the US itself, through its Gulf allies, gave the northern Houthis a green light for their offensive last September.

US advanced warning

As David Hearst┬аreported┬аin October 2014, the Houthi offensive was "conducted under the nose of a US military base in Djibouti" from where CIA drones operate. "The Houthis are even protecting the US embassy in Sanaa."

Hearst revealed that the Houthis had been emboldened by a quiet nod from Saudi Arabia, under the watchful eye of US intelligence.

A year earlier, then Saudi intelligence chief Prince Bandar┬аmet with┬аHouthi leader Saleh Habreh in London. The Saudis wanted to mobilise the Houthis against the Islah Party, Yemen's Muslim Brotherhood branch that shared power with President Hadi, so that they "cancel each other out" in conflict.

But Islah refused to confront the Houthis, and Riyadh's green light backfired, allowing the militia to march unhindered to the capital.

The US was involved. Sources close to Hadi say they were told by the Americans about a meeting in Rome between Iranian officials and the son of former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, to secure his assurances that government units loyal to Saleh would not oppose the Houthi advance.

Three years ago, Ali Abdullah Saleh was replaced by Hadi in US-Saudi-backed negotiations that granted him immunity from prosecution.┬аAudio leaks┬аand a UN Security Council report prove Saleh's extensive collusion with the Houthis to the extent of supervising their military operations.

Yet President Hadi, who fled in the wake of the Houthi offensive, "said he was informed of the meeting in Rome by the Americans, but┬аonly after┬аthe Houthis had captured Sanaa." [emphasis added]

The US, in other words, despite being aware of the impending Iran-backed operation, did not pass on intelligence about this to its own asset in Yemen until after the Houthis' success.

Double game

According to┬аanother source┬аclose to President Hadi, the UAE also played a key role in the Houthi operation, providing $1 billion to the Houthis through Saleh and his son Ahmad.

If true, this means in sum that US intelligence had advanced warning of the Houthi offensive and Saleh's role in it; the UAE had reportedly provided funding to Saleh for the operation; and the Saudis had personally given the Houthis the green light in hope of triggering a fight to the death with Yemen's Brotherhood.

According to Abdussalam al-Rubaidi, a lecturer at Sanaa University and chief editor of the Yemen Polling Center's "Framing the Yemeni Revolution Project,"┬аlocal reports in Yemen refer to "an allianceтАж between the Houthis, the United States, and Saleh's Republican Guard," to counter Ansar al-Sharia, the local al-Qaeda branch. Some Yemeni politicians also said that "the Americans gave a green light to the Houthis to enter the capital and weaken Islah".

Why would the US do nothing to warn its Yemeni client regime about the incoming Houthi offensive, while then rushing to support Saudi Arabia's military overreaction to fend off the spectre of Iranian expansion?

Divide and rule

The escalation of the crisis in Yemen threatens to spiral into a full-scale Sunni-Shia regional war-by-proxy.

Since 9/11, every country in the region touched by major US interference has collapsed into civil war as their social fabric has been irreversibly shattered: Yemen, Syria, Iraq and Libya.

The ensuing arc of sectarian warfare bears uncanny resemblance to scenarios explored in a little-known study by an influential Washington DC defence contractor.

Unfolding the Future of the Long War, a 2008 RAND Corporation┬аreport, was sponsored by the US Army Training and Doctrine Command's Army Capability Integration Centre. It set out US government policy options for prosecuting what it described as "the long war" against "adversaries" in "the Muslim world," who are "bent on forming a unified Islamic world to supplant Western dominance".

Muslim world adversaries include "doctrinaire" Salafi-jihadists; "religious nationalist organisations" like "Hezbollah and Hamas that participate in the political process" but are also "willing to use violence"; secular groups "such as communists, Arab nationalists, or Baathists"; and "nonviolent organisations" because their members might later join "more radical organisations".

The report suggests that the US Army sees all Muslim political groups in the region that challenge the prevailing geopolitical order as "adversaries" to be countered and weakened.

Among the strategies explored by the US Army-sponsored report is "Divide and Rule," which calls for "exploiting fault lines between the various SJ [Salafi-jihadist] groups to turn them against each other and dissipate their energy on internal conflicts," for instance between "local SJ groups" focused on "overthrowing their national government" and transnational jihadists like al-Qaeda.

This appears to be the strategy in Libya and Syria, where local insurgents, despite affiliations with al-Qaeda, received covert US aid to overthrow Gaddafi and Assad.

The RAND report recommends that the US and its local allies "could use the nationalist jihadists to launch proxy IO [information operation] campaigns to discredit the transnational jihadistsтАж the United States and the host nation could even help the nationalist jihadists execute a military campaign to stamp out al-Qaeda elements that are present locally."

US support for such "nationalist jihadists" would, however, need to be packaged appropriately for public consumption. "Because of the nature of the nationalist terrorist groups,┬аany assistance would be mainly covert and would imply advanced IO capabilities."

This illustrates the confusion in US defence circles about the complex relationship between transnational and national jihadists. According to Dr Akil Awan, an expert in jihadist groups at Royal Holloway, University of London, before 9/11 the concerns of national jihadist groups were "often very local and parochial". This changed after 9/11, as al-Qaeda's "brand value became irresistible to many local groups, who then pledged allegiance to bin Laden in savvy PR campaigns".

"Funding national jihadist groups is not a particularly bright idea," said Dr Awan. "Yes it might undermine support for global jihadist groups like al-Qaeda, but whoever proposed it has a very poor memory in terms of recent US foreign policy by proxy warfare and the inevitable blowback effect - case in point: Afghanistan. Supporting violent groups for your own foreign policy objectives is also incredibly damaging to local democratic or peaceful voices, and other civil society actors."

The US Army-backed report did show awareness of this risk of "blowback," noting that the "divide and rule" strategy "may inadvertently empower future adversaries in the pursuit of immediate gains".

Capitalising on sectarianism

According to Dr Christopher Davidson of Durham University, author of┬аAfter the Sheikhs: the Coming Collapse of the Gulf Monarchies, the current crisis in Yemen is being "egged on" by the US, and could be part of a wider covert strategy to "spur fragmentation in Iran allies and allow Israel to be surrounded by weak states".

He suggests that the Yemen war serves US interests in three overlapping ways. It tests whether or not Iran will "ramp up support for Houthis". If not, then Iran's potential role "as a reliable, not expansionist regional policeman (much like the Shah) will seem confirmed to the US."┬а

The war could also weaken Saudi Arabia. Pushing the House of Saud into a "full-on hot war," said Dr Davidson, would be "great for the arms industry, [and] gives the US much needed leverage over increasingly problematic RiyadhтАж If the regime in Saudi Arabia's time is up, as many in the US seem to privately┬аbelieve, in the post-$100 a barrel era, this seems a useful way of running an ally into the ground quite quickly".

The Yemen conflict also "diverts global attention from IS [Islamic State] in Levant and the increasingly┬аobvious uselessness or unwillingness of the US-led coalition to act┬аagainst it".

Davidson points out that there is precedent for this: "There have been repeated references in the Reagan era to the usefulness of sectarian conflict in the region to US interests."

One post-Reagan reiteration of this vision was published by the Jerusalem-based Institute for Strategic and Political Advanced Studies for Benjamin Netanyahu. The 1996┬аpaper, A Clean Break, by Douglas Feith, David Wurmser and Richard Perle тАУ all of whom went on to join the Bush administration тАУ advocated regime-change in Iraq as a precursor to forging an Israel-Jordan-Turkey axis that would "roll back" Syria, Lebanon and Iran. The scenario is surprisinglysimilar┬аto US policy today under Obama.

Twelve years later, the US Army commissioned a further RAND report suggesting that the US "could choose to capitalise on the Shia-Sunni conflict by taking the side of the conservative Sunni regimes in a decisive fashion and working with them against all Shiite empowerment movements in the Muslim worldтАж to split the jihadist movement between Shiites and Sunnis." The US would need to contain "Iranian power and influence" in the Gulf by "shoring up the traditional Sunni regimes in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Pakistan". Simultaneously, the US must maintain "a strong strategic relationship with the Iraqi Shiite government" despite its Iran alliance.

Around the same time as this RAND report was released, the US was covertly coordinating Saudi-led Gulf state financing to┬аSunni jihadist groups, many affiliated to al-Qaeda, from Iraq to Syria to Lebanon. That secret strategy accelerated under Obama in the context of the anti-Assad drive.

The widening Sunni-Shia sectarian conflict would "reduce the al-Qaeda threat to US interests in the short term," the report concluded, by diverting Salafi-jihadist resources toward "targeting Iranian interests throughout the Middle East," especially in Iraq and Lebanon, hence "cutting backтАж anti-Western operations".

By backing the Iraqi Shiite regime and seeking an accommodation with Iran, while propping up al-Qaeda sponsoring Gulf states and empowering local anti-Shia Islamists across the region, this covert US strategy would calibrate levels of violence to debilitate both sides, and sustain "Western dominance".

The Pentagon's neocon fifth column

The concept of "the long war" was first formulated years earlier by a little-known Pentagon think-tank known as the Highlands Forum. The Forum regularly┬аbrings together┬аsenior Pentagon officials with leaders across the political, corporate, business and media sectors in secret meetings.

Formally founded under the authority of Bill Clinton's then defence secretary William J Perry, the Pentagon Highlands Forum was established to coordinate interagency policy oninformation operations. Originally run through the Office of the Secretary of Defence, the Forum now reports to the Office of the Undersecretary of Defence for Intelligence, the Defence Advanced Research and Projects Agency (DARPA), the Office of Net Assessment (ONA), and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), among other agencies.

The Highlands Forum also works closely with the Pentagon federal advisory committee, the Defence Policy Board, of which arch-neocon Richard Perle (co-author of the "Clean Break" strategy) was a member from 1987 to 2004.

Under the Obama administration, Defence Policy Board members have included leading neocon statesmen such as William Perry and Henry Kissinger.

RAND Corp in particular is a longstanding Forum partner.

Despite its bipartisan pretensions, the Pentagon Highlands Forum is an overwhelmingly neoconservative network. Its acolytes, Defence Secretary Ashton Carter, Deputy Defence Secretary Robert Work, and DoD intelligence chief Mike Vickers, hold the reigns of Obama's military strategies.

Today, they are busily executing the US Army's "divide and rule" strategy to forcibly reconfigure the Middle East by proxy sectarian violence. How much of the chaos is "blowback," and how much of it is intended, is difficult to determine.

In any case, the latest casualty of this doomed strategy is Yemen.

-┬аNafeez Ahmed┬аPhD is an┬аinvestigative journalist, international security scholar and bestselling author who tracks what he calls the 'crisis of civilization.' He is a winner of the Project Censored Award for Outstanding Investigative Journalism for his Guardian reporting on the intersection of global ecological, energy and economic crises with regional geopolitics and conflicts. He has also written for The Independent,┬аSydney Morning Herald, The Age, The Scotsman, Foreign Policy, The Atlantic, Quartz, Prospect, New Statesman, Le Monde diplomatique, New Internationalist.┬аHis work on the root causes and covert operations linked to international terrorism officially contributed to the 9/11 Commission and the 7/7 Coroner's Inquest.

The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Middle East Eye.

Photo:┬аSaudi Brigadier General Ahmed Asiri, spokesman of the Saudi-led coalition forces, speaks to the media at the Riyadh airbase in the Saudi capital on 26 March (AFP)


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[Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed was born in London, England in November 1978. He is of Bangladeshi origin. He is a political analyst and human rights activist, specialising in Western foreign policy and its impact on human rights. He is Executive Director of the┬аInstitute for Policy Research & Development (IPRD), an independent, interdisciplinary, non-profit think tank based in Brighton, UK.┬а

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REPORT: ISIS BEHEADS SENIOR HAMAS OPERATIVE IN SYRIA

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REPORT: ISIS BEHEADS SENIOR HAMAS OPERATIVE IN SYRIA

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Report: ISIS Beheads Senior Hamas Operative in Syria
[ISIS attacking the Palestinian movement - NP] (israelnationalnews.com) By Ari Soffer Sheikh Abu Salah Taha believed to be among scores of Palestinians executed in ...
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[ISIS attacking the Palestinian movement тАУ NP]
By Ari Soffer
Sheikh Abu Salah Taha believed to be among scores of Palestinians executed in Yarmouk; image of severed head posted online.
Among the┬аPalestinian Arab fighters beheaded┬аby the┬аIslamic┬аState terrorist group (ISIS) in Damascus's Yarmouk camp was┬аa senior┬аHamas figure in Syria,┬аaccording to emerging reports.
On Saturday, senior Israel Arab journalist Khaled Abu Toumeh┬аposted┬аagraphic┬аimage which appeared to show the severed head of┬аSheikh Abu Salah Taha, held aloft by an ISIS fighter in Yarmouk.
ISIS has been involved in fierce clashes inside the camp since Wednesday, as it seeks to wrest control of it┬аfrom Palestinian┬аIslamist rebels┬аaligned┬аwith Hamas.
As of Sunday morning, ISIS were said to be in control of between 50-90% of Yarmouk, according to various reports. The takeover of the camp тАУ located at the southern edge of the Syrian capital тАУ is┬аthe closest ISIS has come to the heart of the Assad regime. Even more┬аalarming┬аfor the regime are reports that┬аISIS's Yarmouk offensive was made possible with┬аthe cooperation of the┬аNusra Front, Al Qaeda's official arm in Syria, which until now has been involved in a bloody rivalry of its own with ISIS.
Concerns over the possibility of further jihadi advances into Damascus have even reportedly spurred the regime into making the unprecedented move of┬аfacilitating military aid to rebels inside the camp to fend off the ISIS assault.
Yarmouk has been under siege by government forces for nearly two years, with some 18,000 civilians still trapped inside, and the regime is currently in control of its northernmost areas, to block off any rebel advances further into the capital. Around 2,000 of those remaining civilians have been evacuated over the weekend as the fighting worsens, according to Palestinian sources.
Regime airstrikes have also been witnessed in the past several hours, although as yet there is no word on any casualties.
Despite that ISIS appears to have the upper hand, and has reportedly set about┬аbeheading Palestinian fighters and civilians┬аalike in areas under its control in a grisly campaign of retribution, posting evidence of its atrocities online.

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Russia invites Iran to join key Eurasia trading bloc

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Russia has proposed to Iran to join the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).
Russia has proposed to Iran to join the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).
Russia has proposed to Iran to join the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) тАУ a regional trading bloc comprised of states located primarily in northern Eurasia.┬а
Mehdi Sana'ei, Iran's ambassador to Russia, has been quoted by the media as saying that the proposal was raised during a meeting in Moscow with Viktor Khristenko, the chairman of the┬аEurasian┬аCommission.┬а
Iran's Embassy in Moscow has announced in a statement that the meeting was held on this past┬аThursday.┬а The Embassy said Khristenko has called on Iran to have an active and efficient cooperation EAEU.┬а
Accordingly, it has been agreed for Iran and EAEU to start expert talks for Iran's membership to the Union that already comprises Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Armenia, Iran's┬аFararu┬аnews┬аwebsite has reported. ┬а
The EAEU, which has is based in Moscow, was officially established in January 2015. It introduces the free movement of goods, capital, services and people and provides for common transport, agriculture and energy policies, with provisions for a single currency and greater integration in the future.┬а┬а┬а ┬а
The Union тАУ that has a GDP of $2.4 trillion and a foreign trade turnover of above $900 billion тАУ says on its website that it is being created to comprehensively upgrade, raise the competitiveness of and cooperation between the national economies, and to promote stable development in order to raise the living standards of the nations of the member-states.┬а
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рдмрд┐рдирд╛рдмреНрдпрд╛рдирд░рдХреЛ рдирд╛рдЧрд░рд┐рдХ рд░ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рди

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рдмрд┐рдирд╛рдмреНрдпрд╛рдирд░рдХреЛ рдирд╛рдЧрд░рд┐рдХ рд░ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рди

рдЪреИрддреНрд░ реирео -┬а
рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рд╕рдлрд╛рдЗ рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рдирдХреЛ резрежреж рдФрдВ рд╣рдкреНрддрд╛рдорд╛ рдо рдкрдирд┐ рдЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рдЗрд▓рд╛рдХрд╛рдорд╛ рд╕рд╛рдореЗрд▓ рднрдПрдБред рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рдирдорд╛ рдпреЛ рдореЗрд░реЛ рдкрд╣рд┐рд▓реЛ рд╕рд╣рднрд╛рдЧрд┐рддрд╛ рдерд┐рдпреЛред рдпрд╕рдЕрдШрд┐ рдкрдирд┐ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓ рдЯреЗрд▓рд┐рдХрдордмрд╛рдЯ рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпреЗрдХ рд╕рд╛рддрд╛ рд╢реБрдХреНрд░рдмрд╛рд░ рдпреЛ рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рдирдорд╛ рд╕рд╣рднрд╛рдЧреА рд╣реБрдирдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рдореЛрдмрд╛рдЗрд▓рдорд╛ рд╕рдиреНрджреЗрд╢ рдЖрдЗрд░рд╣рдиреНрдереЗред рддрд░ рдпрд╕рдкрдЯрдХ рднрдиреЗ рдпрд╕рд▓реЗ рдорд▓рд╛рдИ рдкрдирд┐ рддрд╛рдиреНрдпреЛред рдмрд┐рд╣рд╛рди рен рдмрдЬреЗ рд╕реБрдиреНрджрд░реАрдШрд╛рдЯ рдкреБрдЧреНрджрд╛ рд╡рд╛рд░рд┐ рдЕрд░реНрдерд╛рддреН рдХреАрд░реНрддрд┐рдкреБрд░рдХреЛ рдХрд┐рдирд╛рд░рдорд╛ рдорд╛рдирд┐рд╕рд╣рд░реВрдХреЛ рдЙрдкрд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐ рдирд┐рдХреИ рдХрдо рдерд┐рдпреЛред рдкрд╛рд░рд┐ рднрдиреЗ рдЙрдкрд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐ рдкрдирд┐ рд░рд╛рдореНрд░реЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛ, рд╣рд╛рддреЗрд╕рд╛рдЩреНрд▓реЛрдорд╛ рдЙрднрд┐рдирдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рдард╛рдЙрдБ рдкрдирд┐ рдорд┐рд▓реЗрдХреЛред рен рджреЗрдЦрд┐ рео рдмрдЬреЗ рдПрдХ рдШрдгреНрдЯрд╛рдХреЛ рд╕рдордп рдореИрд▓реЗ рд╕реБрдиреНрджрд░реАрдШрд╛рдЯрджреЗрдЦрд┐ рдмрд▓реНрдЦреБрд╕рдореНрдордХреЛ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рдХрд┐рдирд╛рд░рдорд╛ рдмрд┐рддрд╛рдПрдБред рдорд╛рдирд┐рд╕рд╣рд░реВрдХреЛ рдЙрдкрд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐ рдЙрд▓реНрд▓реЗрдЦреНрдп рдерд┐рдпреЛред рд╕рд╛рдпрдж рдпреЛ рд╢реГрдЩреНрдЦрд▓рд╛ рд╕реБрдиреНрджрд░реАрдЬрд▓рджреЗрдЦрд┐ рдЪреЛрднрд╛рд░рд╕рдореНрдо рдиреИ рдерд┐рдпреЛ рд╣реЛрд▓рд╛ред рдорд╛рдирд┐рд╕рд╣рд░реВ рдЖрдЖрдлреНрдирд╛ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рдХрд╛ рдмреНрдпрд╛рдирд░, рдХреНрдпрд╛рдкрд╕рд╣рд┐рдд рдЖрдПрдХрд╛ рдерд┐рдПред рд╕реЗрдирд╛, рд╕рд╢рд╕реНрддреНрд░рдХрд╛ рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛рдХрд░реНрдореАрд╣рд░реВ рдЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рдмрд░реНрджреАрдорд╛ рдмрд╛рдХреНрд▓реЛ рдЙрдкрд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐ рдерд┐рдпреЛред рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдпрдХрд╛ рдХреЗрд╣реА рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереА рд░ рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рдХрд╣рд░реВ рдкрдирд┐ рдЖрдЖрдлреНрдирд╛ рдкреЛрд╕рд╛рдХрдорд╛ рдерд┐рдПред рдХреБрдиреИ рдирд┐рд░реНрджрд┐рд╖реНрдЯ рдард╛рдЙрдБрдорд╛ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реАрд╣рд░реВ рдкрдирд┐ рдордирдЧреНрдЧреИ рдерд┐рдП рд╣реЛрд▓рд╛рдиреНред рддрд░ рдо рднрдиреЗ рдмрд┐рдирд╛рдЙрд░реНрджреА рд░ рдмрд░реНрджреАрдХреЛ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рдирд╛рдЧрд░рд┐рдХ рдПрдХреНрд▓реИ рдЧрдПрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдПрдБред┬а

рд╕рд╣рднрд╛рдЧреАрд╣рд░реВрдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рд╡рд┐рднрд┐рдиреНрди рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рдХрд╛ рдорд╛рдзреНрдпрдордмрд╛рдЯ рдорд╛рд╕реНрдХ, рдкрдиреНрдЬрд╛рд╣рд░реВ рдмрд╛рдБрдбрд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рдерд┐рдПред рдореИрд▓реЗ рдкрдирд┐ рддреНрдпреЛ рд╕реМрдЬрдиреНрдп рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рдЧрд░реЗрдБред рдорд▓рд╛рдИ рдХрд┐рдирд╛рд░реИрдХрд┐рдирд╛рд░ рдЕрдЧрд╛рдбрд┐ рдмрдвреНрди рд╕рд╣рдЬ рднрдпреЛред рдХрд░рд┐рдм ренрдГрезрел рддрд┐рд░ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рдХреЛ рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрдирдорд╛ рд▓реНрдпрд╛рдмреЛрд░реЗрдЯрд░реА рд╕реНрдХреБрд▓рдХреЛ рдЕрдЧрд╛рдбрд┐рдХреЛ рдЦрдгреНрдбрдорд╛ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░рд┐рдп рдЧрд╛рдирд╕рдБрдЧреИ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХреНрд░рдо рдкреНрд░рд╛рд░рдореНрдн рднрдПрдХреЛ рдЙрджреНрдШреЛрд╖ рднрдпреЛред рдо рдкрдирд┐ рд╕рд╛рдЩреНрд▓реЛрдорд╛ рдмрд╛рдБрдзрд┐рдПрдБ, рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рдлреЛрд╣реЛрд░ рдЧрд░реНрди рджрд┐рдиреНрдирдБ рднрдиреЗрд░ред рдмрд▓реНрдЦреБрдорд╛ рдкреБрдЧреНрджрд╛ рддрдпрд╛рд░реА рдХреНрд░рдо рдиреИ рдерд┐рдпреЛред рддреНрдпрд╣рд╛рдБ рдкрдирд┐ рд╣рд╛рддреЗрд╕рд╛рдЩреНрд▓реЛрдорд╛ рдмрд╛рдБрдзрд┐рдПрдБред рд╡рд╛рдЪрд╛ рдд рдЧрд░реЗрдВ, рддрд░ рдорд▓рд╛рдИ рдерд╛рд╣рд╛ рдЫреИрди, рдореЗрд░реЛ рдШрд░рдмрд╛рдЯ рдирд┐рд╕реНрдХрдиреЗ рдорд▓рдореВрддреНрд░рдХреЛ рдврд▓ рдЕрд╣рд┐рд▓реЗ рдХрд╣рд╛рдБ рдЦрд╕реНрдЫ рднрдиреЗрд░ред рдврд▓рдХреЛ рдХрд╛рдо рдмрд╛рдБрдХреА рдиреИ рдЫред рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рд╕рдлрд╛рдЗрдХреЛ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рдмреГрд╣рддреН рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рдиреИ рдЪрд▓рд┐рд░рд╣реЗрдЫред рдЕрд╣рд┐рд▓реЗрдХреЛ рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рдирд▓реЗ резрежреж рд╣рдкреНрддрд╛ рдкреБрд░реНтАНрдпрд╛рдПрдХреЛ рдЫред┬а

рдпреЛ рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рдирдХреЛ рдкрдЫрд┐рд▓реНрд▓реЛ рдХрдбреАрдорд╛ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░рдХрд╛ рдореБрдЦреНрдп рд╕рдЪрд┐рд╡ рд▓реАрд▓рд╛рдордгрд┐ рдкреМрдбреЗрд▓рдХреЛ рдирд╛рдо рдорд╣рддреНрддреНрд╡рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╛рде рдЖрдЙрдБрдЫред рдЬрд╕рдХрд╛ рд╢реНрд░реЗрдпреА рдкрдирд┐ рдЫрдиреН рдЙрдиреАред рд╡рд┐рдЧрддрдорд╛ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рд╕рднреНрдпрддрд╛рдорд╛ рдЬрдиреНрдорд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рд╣реБрд░реНрдХрд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рдХреЛрд╣реА рдореБрдЦреНрдп рд╕рдЪрд┐рд╡ рднрдП рднрдПрдирдиреН рдорд▓рд╛рдИ рдерд╛рд╣рд╛ рдЫреИрдиред рддрд░ рд╕реБрдиреНрджрд░реАрдЬрд▓рджреЗрдЦрд┐ рд╕реБрдиреНрджрд░реАрдШрд╛рдЯрд╕рдореНрдо рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░рдХреЛ рд╕рдЪрд┐рд╡ рднрдПрдХрд╛рд╣рд░реВрдХреЛ рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рднрдиреЗ рдХрдо рдЫреИрдиред рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреАрдХреИ рдкрд╛рдиреА рдЦрд╛рдПрдХрд╛ рдордЬрд╕реНрддрд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдзреНрдпрд╛рдкрдХрд╣рд░реВ рдкрдирд┐ рдзреЗрд░реИ рдЫрдиреН рдпреЛ рдХрд░рд┐рдбрд░рдорд╛ред рдПрдХрддрд╛рдХрд╛ 'рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рдмрд╛' рднрдиреЗрд░ рдЪрд┐рдирд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рд╣реБрддрд░рд╛рдо рд╡реИрджреНрдпрдХреЛ рдирд╛рдо рдпреЛ рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рдирдорд╛ рдирд┐рдХреИ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдерд┐рдпреЛред рд╕реБрдиреНрджрд░реАрдШрд╛рдЯрджреЗрдЦрд┐ рдмрд▓реНрдЦреБрд╕рдореНрдордХреЛ рддреНрдпреЛ рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рди рдпрд╛рддреНрд░рд╛рдорд╛ рдЙрдирдХреЛ рдирд╛рдо рдХрд╕реИрд▓реЗ рд╕рдореНрдЭреЗрдЬрд╕реНрддреЛ рд▓рд╛рдЧреНрджреИрдиред рдорд▓рд╛рдИ рд▓рд╛рдЧреНрдпреЛ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рд╕рдлрд╛рдЗ рд░ рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдУрд╣рджрд╛ рд░ рдирд┐рд░реНрджреЗрд╢рдирдорд╛ рдорд╛рддреНрд░реИ рд╕рдореНрднрд╡ рд░рд╣реЗрдЫред рддрд░ рд╕рднреНрдпрддрд╛ рдпрд╕рд░реА рдмрдиреНрджреИрдиред

рдкрдЮреНрдЪрд╛рдпрддрдХрд╛рд▓рдорд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рдПрдХрдкрдЯрдХ рдврд▓ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреАрдорд╛ рдирдорд┐рд╕рд╛рдЙрдиреЗ рднрдиреЗрд░ рдЕрд╣рд┐рд▓реЗ рдЬрд╕реНрддреИ рдареВрд▓рдареВрд▓рд╛ рд╣реНрдпреБрдо рдкрд╛рдЗрдк рд╣рд╛рд▓рд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рдерд┐рдПред рдЯреЗрдХреБрджреЗрдЦрд┐ рдмрд▓реНрдЦреБрд╕рдореНрдо рдд рдо рдЖрдлреИрдВрд▓реЗ рджреЗрдЦреЗрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдПрдБред рд╕реБрдиреНрджрд░реАрдШрд╛рдЯрдкрд╛рд░рд┐ рдЯрд┐реНрд░рдЯрдореЗрдиреНрдЯ рдкреНрд▓рд╛рдиреНрдЯрдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рдЬрдЧреНрдЧрд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рд▓рд┐рдЗрдПрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛред рдХрд╛рдо рдирднрдПрдкрдЫрд┐ рддреНрдпреЛ рд╕реНрдерд▓рдорд╛ рдареВрд▓рдареВрд▓рд╛ рддрд▓рд╛рдЙ рдмрдиреЗрдХреЛ рдо рдХреАрд░реНрддрд┐рдкреБрд░рдмрд╛рдЯ рд╕рд╣рдЬреИ рджреЗрдЦреНрдереЗрдВред рдХрд┐рди рддреНрдпреЛ рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рдмрдиреНрдж рднрдпреЛ рдерд╛рд╣рд╛ рднрдПрдиред рдХреЗрд╣реА рд╡рд░реНрд╖рдЕрдШрд┐ рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рдмрд╛рдмреБрд░рд╛рдо рднрдЯреНрдЯрд░рд╛рдИрдХреЛ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░рд▓реЗ рдерд╛рдкрд╛рдерд▓реАрдмрд╛рдЯ рд╕реБрдХрдореНрдмрд╛рд╕реА рдмрд╕реНрддреА рд╣рдЯрд╛рдПрд░ рддреНрдпрд╣рд╛рдБ рд░рд╛рдЦреНрдиреЗ рдкреНрд░рдпрд╛рд╕ рдкрдирд┐ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛред рд╕реНрдерд╛рдиреАрдпрд╡рд╛рд╕реАрдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзрд▓реЗ рддреНрдпреЛ рдХрд╛рдо рд░реЛрдХрд┐рдпреЛред рд╣реБрди рдкрдирд┐ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рдХрд╛рдордХреЛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рднрдиреЗрд░ рдЬрдорд┐рди рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд░рдг рдЧрд░реНрдиреЗ рд░ рдкрдЫрд┐ рдЕрд░реНрдХреИ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЬрдирдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рддреНрдпрд╕рдХреЛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдЧрд░реНрдиреЗ рдХреБрд░рд╛ рдиреНрдпрд╛рдпрд╕рдВрдЧрдд рд╣реЛрдЗрдиред рдЕрдиреНрдпрдерд╛ рддреНрд░рд┐рднреБрд╡рди рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдпрдХреЛ рдЦрд╛рд▓реА рдЬрдЧреНрдЧрд╛рдорд╛ рдШрдбреЗрд░реА рдкреНрд▓рдЯрд┐рдЩ рдЧрд░реЗ рдкрдирд┐ рдд рднрдЗрд╣рд╛рд▓реНрдпреЛ рдирд┐ред┬а

резрежреж рдФрдВ рд╣рдкреНрддрд╛рдХреЛ рдпреЛ рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рди рдмрд╣реБрдкреНрд░рдЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдкрдирд┐ рдерд┐рдпреЛред рдорд╛рддрд╣рддрдХрд╛ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА, рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рдХ, рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереА, рдЧреИрд╕рд╕рдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рдирд┐рдХреИ рдЬреЛрдбрддреЛрдбрдХреЛ рдЙрд░реНрджреА рдирд┐рд░реНрджреЗрд╢рди рдкрдирд┐ рд░рд╣реЗрдЫред рдЕрдШрд┐рд▓реНрд▓реЛ рджрд┐рди рд╕реБрдиреНрджреИ рдерд┐рдПрдБ, рдкреНрд░рдзрд╛рдирдордиреНрддреНрд░реА, рдкреНрд░рдзрд╛рдирдиреНрдпрд╛рдпрд╛рдзреАрд╢ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдпрддрдХрд╛ рдкрджрд╛рдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реАрд╣рд░реВрд▓реЗ рдЖрдлреНрдирд╛ рдорд╛рддрд╣рддрдХрд╛рд▓рд╛рдИ рдирд┐рд░реНрджреЗрд╢рди рджрд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рд╕рдорд╛рдЪрд╛рд░рд╣рд░реВред рдмрд┐рд╣рд╛рдиреИрджреЗрдЦрд┐ рдЧрд╛рдбреАрд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реАрдХрд╛ рдШрд░рдШрд░рдорд╛ рдЧрд╛рдбреА рд╕реНрдЯреНрдпрд╛рдиреНрдбрд╡рд╛рдЗ рджреЗрдЦрд┐рдиреНрдереЗ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рдирдорд╛ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рд╕рд╣рднрд╛рдЧрд┐рддрд╛ рдЬреБрдЯрд╛рдЙрдиред рдо рднрдиреЗ рдлрдЯрд╛рдлрдЯ рд╣рд┐рдБреНрдбрджреИ рдерд┐рдПрдБ, рдмрд┐рд╣рд╛рдирдХреЛ рд╡рд╛рдХрд┐рдЩ рдкрдирд┐ рд╕рдБрдЧреИ рд╣реБрдиреЗ рднрдпреЛ рднрдиреЗрд░ред рд╣рд╛рддреЗрдорд╛рд▓реЛрдорд╛ рдЬреБрдЯреЗрдХрд╛ рдПрдХ рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рдХ рдорд┐рддреНрд░рд▓реЗ рд╕реБрдирд╛рдП рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд╕рд╣рд┐рдд рдЕрдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд░реНрдп рдЙрдкрд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐ рд╣реБрдиреБрдкрд░реНрдЫ рднрдирд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛ рднрдиреЗрд░ред рдЕрд░реНрдХрд╛ рдПрдХрдЬрдирд╛ рдорд┐рддреНрд░ рдЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рдмрд╕рд╛рдЗ рдЫреЗрдЙрдореИ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рднрдП рдкрдирд┐, рдЕрдлрд┐рд╕рд▓реЗ рдирд┐рд░реНрджрд┐рд╖реНрдЯ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдард╛рдЙрдБрдореИ рдкреБрдЧреНрдиреБрдкрд░реНрдиреЗ рд░рд╣реЗрдЫред рдЙрдиреА рдЙрддреИ рд▓рд╛рдЧреЗрдЫрдиреНред рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рдирдкрдЫрд┐ рдЙрдиреАрдХрд╣рд╛рдБ рдкрд╕реЗрд░ рдЪрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЦрд╛рдиреЗ рдореЗрд░реЛ рдЗрдЪреНрдЫрд╛ рддреНрдпрд╕реИ рд░рд╣реНрдпреЛред┬а

реирежремреи/ремрей рдХреЛ рдЖрдиреНрджреЛрд▓рдирдкрдЫрд┐ рдирд┐рд░реНрджреЗрд╢рди рд╢рдмреНрдж рдирд┐рдХреИ рдЬреЛрдбрд▓реЗ рд╣рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛ рд╕рд╛рд░реНрд╡рдЬрдирд┐рдХ рдорд╣рддреНрддреНрд╡рдХрд╛ рдкрдж рд░ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╖реНрдард╛рдирд╣рд░реВрд▓реЗ рдкреНрд░рдЪрд▓рдирдорд╛ рд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЙрди рдерд╛рд▓реЗрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреНред рдорд╛рдиреМрдВ 'рдирд┐рд░реНрджреЗрд╢рди' рд▓реЛрдХрддрдиреНрддреНрд░рдХреЛ рдЙрдиреНрдирдд рдкрд░реНрдпрд╛рдп рд╢рдмреНрдж рд╣реЛред рд╕рдиреН 'ремреж рдХреЛ рджрд╢рдХрдорд╛ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдХрд╛ рдорд╣реЗрдиреНрджреНрд░, рдпреБрдЧреЛрд╕реНрд▓реЛрднрд┐рдпрд╛рдХрд╛ рдЯрд┐рдЯреЛ, рдЗрдиреНрдбреЛрдиреЗрд╕рд┐рдпрд╛рдХрд╛ рд╕реБрдХрд╛рд░реНрдиреЛ, рдЗрдЬрд┐рдкреНрдЯрдХрд╛ рдирд╛рд╕реЗрд░рд╣рд░реВрд▓реЗ рдЖрдлреНрдирд╛ рджреЗрд╢рдорд╛ рд▓реЛрдХрддрдиреНрддреНрд░рд▓рд╛рдИ рдирд╛рд╕реНрджреИ рд╡рд╛ рд╕реАрдорд┐рдд рдЧрд░реНрджреИ 'рдирд┐рд░реНрджреЗрд╢рд┐рдд рдкреНрд░рдгрд╛рд▓реА' рдЪрд▓рд╛рдПрдХрд╛ рдерд┐рдПред рдорд▓рд╛рдИ рдЙрджреЗрдХ рд▓рд╛рдЧреНрдЫ, рдЧрдгрддрдиреНрддреНрд░ рдШреЛрд╖рдгрд╛ рднрдЗрд╕рдХреЗрд░ рд╕рдВрд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рдирдХреЛ рдЕрдВрдЧ рдмрдирд┐рд╕рдХреЗрдХреЛ рдЕрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛рдорд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рд╣рд╛рдореНрд░реЛ рд╕рд╛рд░реНрд╡рдЬрдирд┐рдХ рдЕрднрд┐рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдорд╛ 'рдЕрдзрд┐рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдп' рд░ рд╢рд╛рд╕рдХреАрдп рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХрд╛рд░рдорд╛ 'рдирд┐рд░реНрджреЗрд╢рди' рдЬрд╕реНрддрд╛ рд╢рдмреНрджрд╣рд░реВрд▓реЗ рдХрд┐рди рдмрд╛рд╣реБрд▓реНрдп рдкрд╛рдЙрдБрдЫрдиреН, рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрдирд▓реЗ рд╕рд╛рд░реНрдердХрддрд╛ рдкрд╛рдЙрди рдпрд╕рдХрд╛ рд░рд╛рдЬрдиреАрддрд┐рдХ рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрдХрд╣рд░реВрдХреЛ рдорд╛рдирд╕рд┐рдХрддрд╛рдорд╛ рдиреИ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрдирдХреЛ рдореВрд▓реНрдп рд░ рдорд╛рдиреНрдпрддрд╛рд▓реЗ рдкреНрд░рд╡реЗрд╢ рдкрд╛рдЙрдиреБ рдЬрд░реБрд░реА рдЫред рдЕрдиреНрдпрдерд╛ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрди рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рд░рд╛рдЬрдиреАрддрд┐рдХ рдвреЛрдВрдЧрдорд╛ рд╕реАрдорд┐рдд рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫред рдЕрд╣рд┐рд▓реЗ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдХреЛ рд╣рд╛рд▓рдд рдпрд╕реНрддреИ рдЫред

рд╕реБрдиреНрджрд░реАрдШрд╛рдЯ рдореЗрд░рд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рдорд╣рддреНрддреНрд╡рдХреЛ рдЫред рдкрд╣рд┐рд▓реЛ рдд, рддреНрдпреЛ рдореЗрд░рд╛ рдкреВрд░реНрд╡рдЬрд╣рд░реВрдХреЛреЗ рд╕рджреНрдЧрдд рдЕрд░реНрдерд╛рддреН рд╢рд╡рджрд╛рд╣ рдЧрд░рд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдард╛рдЙрдБ рд╣реЛред рдореЗрд░рд╛ рдмрд╛, рд╣рдЬреБрд░рдмрд╛, рд╣рдЬреБрд░рдЖрдорд╛рд╕рдореНрдордХреЛ рддреНрдпрд╣реАрдВ рдиреИ рджрд╛рд╣рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХрд╛рд░ рдЧрд░рд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛред рдХреИрдпреМрдВрдкрдЯрдХ рдо рдЖрдлреИрдВ рдорд▓рд╛рдореА рднрдПрд░ рдЧрдПрдХреЛ рдЫреБред рд╣реЗрд░реНрджрд╛рд╣реЗрд░реНрджреИ рддреНрдпреЛ рдард╛рдЙрдБ рджрд╛рд╣рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХрд╛рд░рдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рдпреЛрдЧреНрдп рд░рд╣реЗрдиред рдЕрд╣рд┐рд▓реЗ рд╕реБрдиреНрджрд░реАрдШрд╛рдЯрдХреЛ рд╢реНрдорд╕рд╛рдирдмрд╛рдЯ рдзреБрд╡рд╛рдБ рдЙрдареЗрдХреЛ рджреЗрдЦрд┐рдиреНрдиред рджрд╛рд╣рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХрд╛рд░рдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рдорд╛рдирд┐рд╕рд╣рд░реВрд▓реЗ рдЕрдиреНрдпрддреНрд░ рд╢рд╡ рд▓рд╛рди рдерд╛рд▓реЗрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреНред

рдЕрд░реНрдХреЛ рдХреБрд░рд╛, рдо рд╕реНрдХреБрд▓ рдЬрд╛рди рдерд╛рд▓реЗрджреЗрдЦрд┐ рддреНрдпреЛ рдард╛рдЙрдБрд▓реЗ рдорд╕рдБрдЧ рдмреЗрдЧреНрд▓реИ рдкрд░рд┐рдЪрдп рдмрдирд╛рдПрдХреЛ рдЫред рдо рдкрд╛рдБрдЧрд╛рдХреЛ рддрддреНрдХрд╛рд▓реАрди рдЬрд╛рд▓рд╡рд┐рдирд╛рдпрдХ рдорд┐рдбрд┐рд▓ рд╕реНрдХреБрд▓рдорд╛ рдкрдвреНрдереЗрдВред рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рдХрд╣рд░реВ рд╕рд╣рд░рдмрд╛рдЯ рд╕рд╛рдЗрдХрд▓ рдЪрдвреЗрд░ рдЖрдЙрдБрдереЗред рд╕реБрдиреНрджрд░реАрдШрд╛рдЯрдорд╛ рд╣рд╛рдореА рдЙрдиреАрд╣рд░реВрд▓рд╛рдИ рдкрд░реНрдЦрд┐рдмрд╕реНрдереНрдпреМрдВред рддреНрдпрд╣реАрдВрдмрд╛рдЯ рдЙрдХрд╛рд▓реЛ рд╕реБрд░реБ рд╣реБрдиреНрдереНрдпреЛ, рд╣рд╛рдореА рдХреЗрд╣реА рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд╣рд░реВ рд╕рд╛рдЗрдХрд▓ рд╕рдорд╛рдЙрди рдЬрд╛рдиреНрдереНрдпреМрдВред рдЙрдХрд╛рд▓реЛрднрд░ рд╕реНрдпрд╛рдБрд╕реНрдпрд╛рдБ рд░ рдлрд╛рдБрдлрд╛рдБ рдЧрд░реНрджреИ рд╕рд╛рдЗрдХрд▓ рдорд╛рдерд┐рдХреЛ рд╕рдореНрдо рднрд╛рдЧрдорд╛ рдкреБрд░реНтАНрдпрд╛рдЙрдБрдереНрдпреМрдВред рд╕рд░рд╣рд░реВрд▓рд╛рдИ рдкрдирд┐ рд░рд╛рд╣рдд, рддреНрдпрд╕реИрдмреЗрд▓рд╛ рд╣рд╛рдореА рдкрдирд┐ рд╕рд╛рдЗрдХрд▓ рдЪрдвреНрдиреЗ рд░рд╣рд░ рдореЗрдЯрд╛рдЙрдБрдереНрдпреМрдВред рд╕реБрдиреНрджрд░реАрдШрд╛рдЯ рд░ рдЪреЛрднрд╛рд░ рдЧрдгреЗрд╢рд╕реНрдерд╛рдирдорд╛ рджрд╣ рдкрд░реЗрдХрд╛ рдард╛рдЙрдБрд╣рд░реВ рдерд┐рдПред рд╣рд╛рдореА рддреНрдпрд╣рд╛рдБ рдиреБрд╣рд╛рдЙрдиреЗ, рдзреБрдиреЗ рдЧрдереНрд░реНрдпреМрдВ, рдкреМрдбреА рдЦреЗрд▓реНрдереНрдпреМрдВред рддреНрдпрд╕рдмреЗрд▓рд╛ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреАрдХреЛ рдкрд╛рдиреА рдЦрд╛рдиреБ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдиреНрдп рдерд┐рдпреЛред рдпреА рд╡рд┐рднрд┐рдиреНрди рдЕрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛рдорд╛ рдо рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐ рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рднрдПрд░ рдкрдирд┐ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреАрд╕рдБрдЧ рдЬреЛрдбрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдЫреБред рддреНрдпрд╕реИрд▓реЗ рдкрдирд┐ рд╣реЛрд▓рд╛, рдХреБрдиреИ рд╕рдВрдШрд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛, рдкрдж рд░ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрд╛рд▓рдпрд╕рдБрдЧ рдЖрдмрджреНрдз рдирднрдПрд░ рдкрдирд┐ рдо рджреМрдбрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдПрдБ, рдирдЬрд┐рдХрдХреЛ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рдХрд┐рдирд╛рд░рдорд╛ред

рдХрд╛рдардорд╛рдбреМрдВ рдЙрдкрддреНрдпрдХрд╛рдХреЛ рдЪрд┐рдирд╛рд░реА рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рд╕рднреНрдпрддрд╛ рд╣реЛред рдпрд╣рд╛рдБрдХрд╛ рдорд╛рдирд┐рд╕рд╣рд░реВрдХреЛ рдЬреАрд╡рди рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреАрд╕рдБрдЧ рдЬреЛрдбрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛред рдЙрдкрддреНрдпрдХрд╛рднрд┐рддреНрд░рдХреЛ рд╕рдорд╛рдЬ, рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддрд┐, рдЕрд░реНрде рд░ рд░рд╛рдЬрдиреАрддрд┐рдХ рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреАрдХреЛ рд╕рдиреНрджрд░реНрднрдмрд┐рдирд╛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рд╣реБрдБрджреИрдиред рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреАрдХрд╛ рд╕рд╣рд╛рдпрдХ рдирджреАрдирд╛рд▓рд╛ рднрдПрдХрд╛ рдард╛рдЙрдБрд╣рд░реВ рдЪрд╛рдБрдЧреБ, рднрдХреНрддрдкреБрд░, рдерд┐рдореА, рдерд╛рдирдХреЛрдЯ, рдЯреЛрдЦрд╛рдорд╛ рд╕рд╕рд╛рдирд╛ рдордзреНрдпрдХрд╛рд▓реАрди рдмрд╕реНрддреА рд░ рд╕рднреНрдпрддрд╛ рдЕрдЭреИ рджреЗрдЦреНрди рд╕рдХрд┐рдиреНрдЫред рдирджреА рд░ рдЙрдмреНрдЬрд╛рдЙ рднреВрдорд┐ рдПрд╕рд┐рдпрд╛рд▓реА рд╕рднреНрдпрддрд╛рдХреИ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░ рд╣реБрдиреНред рдпрд╕реИрдорд╛ рдд рдордзреНрдпрдХрд╛рд▓реАрди рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдХреЛ рдмреЗрдЬреЛрдб рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддрд┐ рд░ рдХрд▓рд╛рдХреГрддрд┐ рджреЗрдЦреНрди рдкрд╛рдЗрдиреНрдЫред рдкрд╣рд╛рдб рд╣реЛрд╕реН рд╡рд╛ рддрд░рд╛рдИ рдирджреАрдХрд┐рдирд╛рд░рдХреЛ рд╕рд╛рдиреЛ рдлрд╛рдБрдЯрдорд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рдорд╛рдирд╡ рд╕рднреНрдпрддрд╛рдХреЛ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рд░реВрдк рдЬрддрд╛рддрддреИ рджреЗрдЦреНрди рд╕рдХрд┐рдиреНрдЫред рдирджреА рдирднрдП рдкрдирд┐ рддрд▓рд╛рдЙрд╣рд░реВ рднрд░реЗрд░ рд╕рднреНрдпрддрд╛рдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг рддрд░рд╛рдИрдХреЛ рдорд┐рдерд┐рд▓рд╛ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░рдорд╛ рдкрд╛рдЗрдиреНрдЫред

рдЬрд▓, рдЬрдорд┐рди, рдЬрдВрдЧрд▓рдХреЛ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рддрд╛ рдЫ, рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рд╣рджрд╕рдореНрдо рдкреНрд░рд╛рдгреАрдЬрдиреНрдп рдлреЛрд╣реЛрд░рд▓рд╛рдИ рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд▓реАрдХрд░рдг рдЧрд░реНрдиреЗред рд╕реЛрдЭреИ рдкрд╛рдиреАрдорд╛ рдлреЛрд╣реЛрд░ -рджрд┐рд╕рд╛рдкрд┐рд╕рд╛рдм) рдЧрд░реНрдиреБ рд╣реБрдиреНрди, рдкрд╛рдк рд▓рд╛рдЧреНрдЫ рднрдиреЗрд░ рд╣рдЬреБрд░рдЖрдорд╛рд▓реЗ рднрдиреЗрдХреЛ рдЕрдЭреИ рдореИрд▓реЗ рдмрд┐рд░реНрд╕реЗрдХреЛ рдЫреИрдиред рддреНрдпрд╕реИрд▓реЗ рдкрд╣рд┐рд▓реЗрдХрд╛ рдорд╛рдирд┐рд╕рд╣рд░реВ рд╕реЛрдЭреИ рдирджреАрдирд╛рд▓рд╛рдорд╛ рдлреЛрд╣реЛрд░ рдЧрд░реНрджреИрдирдереЗред рдирджреА рдХрд┐рдирд╛рд░рдХреЛ рдХреБрд░рд╛ рдмреЗрдЧреНрд▓реИ рд╣реЛред рдкрд╛рдиреАрд▓рд╛рдИ рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рд░реВрдкрдорд╛ рджреВрд╖рд┐рдд рдЧрд░рд┐рдВрджреИрдирдереНрдпреЛред рдпреЛ рдареВрд▓реЛ рдорд╛рдиреНрдпрддрд╛ рдмрдиреЗрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛ рдЕрдШрд┐рд▓реНрд▓реЛ рдкреБрд╕реНрддрд╛рдХрд╛ рдорд╛рдирд┐рд╕рдорд╛ред рдЬрдорд┐рди рд░ рдЬрдВрдЧрд▓рдорд╛ рдЙрддреНрд╕рд░реНрдЬрд┐рдд рдЧрд░рд┐рдиреЗ рдлреЛрд╣реЛрд░ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рд░реВрдкрдорд╛ рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд▓реАрдХрд░рдг рд╣реБрдиреНрдереНрдпреЛ, рддреНрдпрд╣реА рдХрд╛рд░рдг рдирджреАрдирд╛рд▓рд╛ рдкреНрд░рджреВрд╖рд┐рдд рд╣реБрдБрджреИрдирдереЗреЗред┬а

рд╡рд┐рд╡рд┐рдз рд╕рдордпрдХрд╛ рд░рд╛рдЬрдиреАрддрд┐рдХ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрди, рдЬрдирд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдЪрд╛рдк рд░ рдЕрд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рдмрд╕реЛрдмрд╛рд╕рдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рдмрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рд░реИ рдЙрдкрддреНрдпрдХрд╛рд╡рд╛рд╕реАрдХреЛ рдЬреАрд╡рди рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреАрдмрд╛рдЯ рдЯрд╛рдврд┐рдБрджреИ рдЧрдпреЛред рдпреЛ рд╡рд╛рд╕реНрддрд╡рдорд╛ рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рд░реНрдереАрд╕рддреНрддрд╛рд╕рдБрдЧ рдЬреЛрдбрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдХрдерд┐рдд рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕рдХреЛ рдкрд░рд┐рдгрд╛рдо рд╣реЛред рдЕрд╣рд┐рд▓реЗрдХреЛ рдЕрдиреБрддреНрддрд░рджрд╛рдпреА рд░ рдЕрд╡рд┐рд╡реЗрдХреА рдмрдЬрд╛рд░реАрдХрд░рдгрд▓реЗ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рд╣реЛрдЗрди, рд╣рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛ рд╕рдмреИ рдирджреАрдирд╛рд▓рд╛рд╣рд░реВ рдврд▓рдорд╛ рдкрд░рд┐рдгрдд рднрдПрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреНред рдмрд╕реНрддреАрдХреЛ рдХрдо рдЪрд╛рдк рд░ рдкрд╛рдиреАрдХреЛ рдкрд░рд┐рдорд╛рдгрд▓реЗ рдХреЛрд╕реА, рдХрдгрд░реНрд╛рд▓реАрдЬрд╕реНрддрд╛ рдирджреАрд╣рд░реВ рд╕рдлрд╛ рдд рджреЗрдЦрд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреН рддрд░ рддреА рдкрдирд┐ рдХрдо рдкреНрд░рджреВрд╖рд┐рдд рдЫреИрдирдиреНред

режреирен/режреирео рд╕рд╛рд▓рддрд┐рд░ рдХрд▓реЗрдЬ рдкрдвреНрди рдерд╛рд▓реЗрдкрдЫрд┐ рдкрддреНрд░рдкрддреНрд░рд┐рдХрд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рдкрдвреНрдиреЗ рдмрд╛рдиреА рдмрд╕реНрдпреЛред рддреНрдпрддрд┐рдЦреЗрд░реИ рдХреБрдиреИ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рд╕рд╛рдкреНрддрд╛рд╣рд┐рдХрдорд╛ рдЧреБрд╣реНрдпреЗрд╢реНрд╡рд░реАрддрд┐рд░ рдШрд░ рдмрдирд╛рдПрдХрд╛ рдХреБрдиреИ рдареВрд▓рд╛ рдкрдЮреНрдЪ рдиреЗрддрд╛рдХреЛ рд╢реМрдЪрд╛рд▓рдпрдмрд╛рдЯ рдирд┐рд╕реНрдХрдиреЗ рдлреЛрд╣реЛрд░ рд╕реЛрдЭреИ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреАрдорд╛ рдЦрд╕рд╛рд▓рд┐рдиреНрдЫ рднрдиреЗрд░ рд▓реЗрдЦрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛред рд╣реЗрд░реНрджрд╛рд╣реЗрд░реНрджреИ рдЙрдкрддреНрдпрдХрд╛рд╡рд╛рд╕реА рд╕рдмреИрдХрд╛ рджрд┐рд╕рд╛рдкрд┐рд╕рд╛рдмрдХреЛ рдирджреА рдмрдиреНрдпреЛ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреАред рдЕрдм рдд рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рд╣реЛрдЗрди рд╕рд┐рдВрдЧреЛ рдЙрдкрддреНрдпрдХрд╛ рдиреИ рдлреЛрд╣реЛрд░рдХреЛ рдбрдВрдЧреБрд░ рдмрдирд┐рд░рд╣реЗрдЫред рдпрд╕рдорд╛ рдЙрдкрддреНрдпрдХрд╛рдХрд╛ рдмрд╛рд╕рд┐рдиреНрджрд╛рднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрдХрд╛ рдиреАрддрд┐рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рддрд╛ рд░ рд╕рд╣рд░ рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрдХрд╣рд░реВ рджреЛрд╖реА рдЫрдиреНред рд╣рд╛рдЗрд╡реЗрдХрд╛ рджрд╛рдпрд╛рдБрдмрд╛рдпрд╛рдБ рдкрдирд┐ рдЙрддреНрддрд┐рдХреИ рдлреЛрд╣реЛрд░ рдмрдврд┐рд░рд╣реЗрдЫред рд╕рд╣рд░реАрдХрд░рдг рдмрдвреНрджреЛ рдЫ, рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрдХреЛ рдХреБрдиреИ рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рдЫреИрди, рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ рдирдЧрд░рдкрд╛рд▓рд┐рдХрд╛ рдШреЛрд╖рдгрд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреЗрднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдмрдвреАред

рдЕрдмрдХреЛ рдкрдЪрд╛рд╕ рд╡рд░реНрд╖рдорд╛ рдХрддрд┐ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╕рд╣рд░рд╡рд╛рд╕реА рд╣реБрдиреЗ рдЫрдиреН рд╡рд╛ рдмрдирд╛рдЗрдиреНрдЫрдиреНред рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрдХреЛ рдХреБрдиреИ рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд╖реЗрдкрдг рджреЗрдЦрд┐рдиреНрдиред рд╕рд╣рд░ рдмрдвреНрдиреБ рднрдиреЗрдХреЛ рдлреЛрд╣реЛрд░ рдмрдвреНрдиреБ рдкрдирд┐ рд╣реЛред рдирджреАрдирд╛рд▓рд╛рдорд╛ рдЪрд╛рдк рдмрдвреНрдиреБ рд╣реЛред рдХреЗ рдЫ рдпрд╕рдХреЛ рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрди рддрдпрд╛рд░реА рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрдХрд╛ рдиреАрддрд┐рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рддрд╛рд╣рд░реВрд╕рдБрдЧ? рд╕рдиреН резрепрепрел рдорд╛ рдо рд╢реНрд░реАрд▓рдВрдХрд╛рдХреЛ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдиреНрдбреА рдЧрдПрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдПрдБред рд╢реНрд░реАрд▓рдВрдХрдХрд╛рдХреЛ рддреНрдпреЛ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рд╕реБрдиреНрджрд░ рд╕рд╣рд░ рд╣реЛред рдПрдХрдЬрдирд╛ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд░ рдЕрд░реНрдХрд╛ рдмрдВрдЧрд▓рд╛рджреЗрд╢реА рдкреНрд░рд╛рдзреНрдпрд╛рдкрдХ рдкрдирд┐ рдерд┐рдП рдорд╕рдБрдЧред рд╕рд╛рдБрдЭрдорд╛ рд╣рд╛рдореА рддреНрдпрд╣рд╛рдБрдХреЛ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рдкрд╛рд░реНрдХрдорд╛ рдЯрд╣рд▓рд┐рдБрджреИ рдерд┐рдпреМрдВред рдПрдХ рдЬрдирд╛ рдорд╛рдирд┐рд╕ рдХрд╣рд┐рд▓реЗ рдмрддреНрддреАрдХреЛ рдЪрд┐рдо рдкреБрдЫреНрджреИ рдерд┐рдП рдд рдХрд╣рд┐рд▓реЗ рдЫрд░рд┐рдПрдХрд╛ рдлреЛрд╣реЛрд░рд▓рд╛рдИ рдПрдХ рдард╛рдЙрдБрдорд╛ рдорд┐рд▓рд╛рдЙрдБрджреИ рдерд┐рдПред рдирдпрд╛рдБ рдорд╛рдирд┐рд╕ рджреЗрдЦреЗрд░ рдЙрдиреА рд╣рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛ рдирдЬрд┐рдХ рдЖрдПред рдо рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓рдмрд╛рдЯ рдЖрдПрдХреЛ рднрдиреЗрдкрдЫрд┐ рдХрд╛рдардорд╛рдбрд╛рдВреИрдХрд╛ рддрддреНрдХрд╛рд▓реАрди рдореЗрдпрд░ рдкрд┐рдпрд▓ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣рд▓рд╛рдИ рдЪрд┐рдиреНрдЫреМ рднрдиреЗрд░ рд╕реЛрдзреЗред рдкрд┐рдпрд▓ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣рд╕рдБрдЧ рдореЗрд░реЛ рд░рд╛рдореНрд░реИ рдЪрд┐рдирдЬрд╛рди рдерд┐рдпреЛ рддреНрдпрд╕рдмреЗрд▓рд╛рд╕рдореНрдоред рдирдЧрд░рдкрд╛рд▓рд┐рдХрд╛ рдиреЗрддреГрддреНрд╡рдХреЛ рд╕рдиреНрджрд░реНрдн рдЖрдЙрдБрджрд╛ рдореЗрд░рд╛ рдЕрдЧрд╛рдбрд┐ рдкрд┐рдпрд▓ рд╣реЛрдЗрди, рдХреНрдпрд╛рдиреНрдбреАрдХрд╛ рддрд┐рдиреИ рдореЗрдпрд░рдХреЛ рдЕрдиреБрд╣рд╛рд░ рдЭрд▓рдЭрд▓реНрддреА рдЖрдЙрдБрдЫ рдЙрдирдХреЛ рдирд╛рдо рдмрд┐рд░реНрд╕рд┐рдП рдкрдирд┐ред

рдореИрд▓реЗ рдпрд╣рд╛рдБ 'рдмрд┐рдирд╛рдмреНрдпрд╛рдирд░рдХреЛ рдирд╛рдЧрд░рд┐рдХ' рд╢рдмреНрджрд╛рд╡рд▓реА рдЪрдпрди рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдЫреБред рдпреЛ рд╕реЛрдЪрд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдЧрд░реЗрд░реИ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рд╣реЛред рд╣реБрддрд░рд╛рдо рд╡реИрджреНрдп рдмрд┐рдирд╛рдмреНрдпрд╛рдирд░рдХрд╛ рдирд╛рдЧрд░рд┐рдХ рдерд┐рдПред рддрд░ рдЙрдирд▓рд╛рдИ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рдЕрднрд┐рдпрдиреНрддрд╛рд╣рд░реВрд▓реЗ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рдмреНрдпрд╛рдирд░ рдиреИ рдмрдирд╛рдПрдХрд╛ рдерд┐рдПред рдЙрдиреА рдЖрдЬ рд╣рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдмреАрдЪ рдЫреИрдирдиреН рдирддреНрд░ рдПрдХреНрд▓реИ рднрдП рдкрдирд┐ рдЖрдЙрдБрдереЗ рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рдХрд┐рдирд╛рд░рдХреЛ рдпреЛ рд╣рд╛рддреЗрд╕рд╛рдЩреНрд▓реЛрдорд╛ рдЙрдирд┐рдиред рдЬрдмрд╕рдореНрдо рдмрд┐рдирд╛рдмреНрдпрд╛рдирд░, рдмрд┐рдирд╛рдЙрд░реНрджреА рд░ рдмрд┐рдирд╛рдмрд░реНрджреА рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рдЪреЗрддрдирд╛ рдирд╛рдЧрд░рд┐рдХрдорд╛ рдЖрдЙрдБрджреИрди, рдпреЛ рд╕рдлрд╛ рд╣реБрдБрджреИрди, рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рд╕рднреНрдпрддрд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рдЬреЛрдЧрд┐рдБрджреИрдиред рдЖрдЬрдХреЛ рдкреНрд░рд╢рд╛рд╕рдирдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рд░ рд░ рд╕рд╣рд░реАрдХрд░рдг рд╡рд╛рдЧреНрдорддреА рд╡рд┐рдирд╛рд╢рдХреЛ рдореВрд▓ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рд╣реЛред рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдп рд╕рдВрдпрдиреНрддреНрд░рдХреЛ рднрд░рдорд╛ рдЧрд░рд┐рдиреЗ рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рдирд╣рд░реВ рдкреНрд░рдЪрд╛рд░рдореБрдЦреА рд░ рд╢реЛрднрд╛рдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рдмрдвреА рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫрдиреНред┬а

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Modi government in a crisis situation as greatest killing field in rural India emerging like tsunami to kill the breaking oil advantage! Intelligentsia,civil society, Politics,economics and media remain complete detached. The largest source of employment and livelihood is being killed as the Golden Bird,the mineral India is hunted and Modi launched an unprecedented Sell Off India global campaign with all its Hindutva venom! Palash Biswas

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Modi government in a crisis situation as greatest killing field in rural India emerging like tsunami to kill the breaking oil advantage!

Intelligentsia,civil society, Politics,economics and media remain complete detached.

The largest source of employment and livelihood is being killed as the Golden Bird,the mineral India is hunted and Modi launched an unprecedented Sell Off India global campaign with all its Hindutva venom!


Palash Biswas

Photo:Economic Times

Modi government in a crisis situation as greatest killing field in rural India emerging like tsunami to kill the breaking oil advantage!The largest source of employment and livelihood is being killed as the Golden Bird,the mineral India is hunted and Modi launched an unprecedented Sell Off India global campaign with all its Hindutva venom!


Media reports:Unseasonal rains have destroyed over 10 lakh hectares of standing crop across the country. The heavy loss is likely to have an adverse effect on prices of food items which may rise putting the Narendra Modi government in a crisis situation.


Prime Minister Modi launched his Western front for Making in Gujarat and in every CEO conference,Indian Kalki Avtar is screaming for foreign investment may what come!At home,though tumbling oil prices boosted the Bull Run and rating agencies look very generous to paint a rosy scenario of Indian economy fundamentals have not changed a little bit but SEBI taking over RBI.


The agrarian crisis never addressed hitherto might not be resolved with setting populist vote bank equations politically correct as the crisis intensified and Indian farming with its entire rural world seems to be a complete killing field as making in Gujarat has no priority whatsoever for the agrarian crisis.


Today Sunday Economic Times just focused on the emerging greatest ever Killing field with which intelligentsia,civil society,Politics,economics and media remain complete detached.I am posting relevant ET reports with this write up.

Apr 12 2015 : The Economic Times (Kolkata)

Fields of Woe



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The unseasonal rain and hail of March are the last straw for India's farmers who have been sitting on a powder keg for some time now

In his Budget speech this February, finance minister Arun Jaitley listed out five challenges ahead of the economy. The first on his list was stress in agricultural incomes. The FM may have had in mind poor productivity, water scarcity, food grain storage and all the allied ills that plague Indian agriculture, but he's unlikely to have anticipated what the Ides of March had in store: unseasonal rains and hailstorms across the country that wreaked havoc on the winter crop. The damage on farms is pushing debtridden farmers beyond the brink.

Last month's burst of unseasonal rain and hail comes on the back of a decline in global commodity prices, including cotton, wheat, basmati rice, sugarcane, tea and rubber over the last year. A few government moves over the past 12-18 months haven't helped either. "MNREGA [the rural employment guarantee scheme] has been severely curtailed, crop procurement has been restricted and states have been asked not to give bonuses via an executive order from the central government. This has deepened the agrarian crisis across the countryside and we can expect a much higher rate of farmers' suicides in the coming months," says Biraj Patnaik, principal adviser to the commissioners of the Supreme Court. Not surprisingly, sowing has declined in both the kharif season (by 2.3 million hectares) and the current rabi season (by 4 million hectares).

The even bigger worry is that the agriculture sector in India is stuck in a long drawn-out crisis. The primary problem is structural -agriculture contributes just 14% to GDP but employs 49% of the workforce, a situation that is unsustainable. About 80% of Indian farmers are small and marginal; as a result their cost of production is much higher.

The problem of Indian agriculture calls for a longterm solution. In the immediate term, though, lakhs of farming households across the country -as the reports over the next pages will tell you -are crying out for a helping hand, and more. Read on:


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http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/index.aspx?eid=31817&dt=20150412

Apr 12 2015 : The Economic Times (Kolkata)

The Land of Invisible Suicides

KP Narayana Kumar


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Deaths of farmers in UP's Bundelkhand region are accidental, insists the state, and not due to distress caused by unseasonal rains

Vikram Singh remembers the last days of his elder brother Jitendra with clarity. Thirty five-year-old Jitendra was a farmer who lived in a remote village in Jalaun district in southwest Uttar Pradesh. The district is situated in the drought-prone Bundelkhand region which has been fighting acute agricultural distress for the past decade. This year, Jitendra was more optimistic about life than in earlier years when he had to suffer losses repeatedly on account of drought. He expected a decent harvest and planned to marry off his eldest daughter. Jitendra even found a suitable boy from the neighbouring village and fixed a tentative date in May. But then Bundelkhand was hit by unseasonal rains and hailstorm in the last week of March. When Jitendra visited his farm he found that his pea crop was washed away."Since that day, Jitendra stopped talking to anyone in the family and locked himself up in his room," says Vikram.

Earlier this week, Jitendra hanged himself in his room. "He had given his word to the bridegroom's family. The humiliation led him to commit suicide," said Vikram. The farmer is survived by four children and his wife.

State Apathy

In another village nearby, the relatives of an other farmer are mourning too. Mahavir Singh saw the destruction caused by the unseasonal rains and collapsed on the field. By the time his relatives carried him home, he was dead.

Mahavir had also planned to marry off his daughter post-harvest. Both farmers had piled up debts due to the frequent spells of drought. Stories of farmers committing suicide or dying of heart attacks on the field have be come fairly commonplace in the region. Conversations between farmers from different villages begin with "another one gone today". The local newspapers also report these incidents regularly. So it appears strange that the only people who do not appear to have any knowledge about these deaths are the local district administration and the state government officials who operate out of Lucknow.The district collector as well as the chief secretary of the state have issued statements to the effect that they were yet to receive information about farmer suicides in the region.

Villagers here say their lives are now peren nially dedicated to settling the debts and when they are unable to do so, they take the hard way out. Typically, a farmer takes loans through the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme and, when he is unable to pay back, he takes additional loans from local moneylenders.

When the crop fails as badly as it has this time, he finds that no one from the adminis tration even bothers to assess the damage to the crop. This means that the insurance mon ey due to him rarely materializes and the compensation too is awarded after lengthy paperwork. Devoid of support from the gov ernment agencies at this point, dozens of farmers in the region have taken the extreme step of killing themselves.

Talking to ET Magazine, more than 30 villagers in Jalaun said they are also harassed by the police department when they are unable to repay loans. "Even as we get picked up by the police, the moneylenders' goons will be waiting for us when we get back from the police station," said a farmer.

The KCC scheme is supplemented with crop insurance, the premium for which is deducted by the banks concerned and deposited with the insurance companies associated with the scheme.

The KCC scheme is aimed at providing timely and affordable credit to farmers in India.The scheme was started in 1998-99. It allows farmers to have cash credit facilities without going through time-consuming bank credit screening processes. The card is issued on the basis of land held by the farmer and he needs to pro vide documentation for the same as security.

The card is valid for three years and is subject to annual renewals. Withdrawals are made using slips, cards and a passbook. The premium for crop insurance is deducted automatically from the farmer's account.

End of the Road?

Lalita Prasad, 67, says he speaks for the entire village when he points out that he has never received any award through the insurance scheme although he has suffered losses more than once. Two dozen farmers who surround him nod their heads in approval.

Research conducted by ET Magazine threw up three broad trends, all of which suggest that the farmer suicides are on account of the callousness of the administration. Firstly, the political leadership has not put any pressure on the bureaucracy to verify the reports of suicides. Secondly, the senior officials entrusted with the job at the district level have not issued instructions to the lower-ranking officials such as lekhpals (who prepare assessment reports) to visit the farmers and assess damages promptly. Finally, farmers say, the lekhpal does not process a file without taking a bribe.

"Even if the case is that of an impoverished family seeking compensation after the head of the family has committed suicide, the field officers will ask for their cut. From getting a bank loan to assessment of crop loss, your work gets done only after a minimum of 10% of the amount is handed over to the officials," says a farmer who did not wish to be named.

According to Sanjay Singh, an activist with Parmarth, an NGO based out of Jhansi, the first thing required in Bundelkhand to fight rural distress is a massive anti-corruption campaign. "We need something like the anti-corruption helpline started in Delhi."

According to Singh the laborious verification process has made life difficult for the farmers. "When you know there has been loss, why don't you just pay the compensation taking into account the aggregate loss and size of farms? Why do you need to do so much of individual verification? This is opening the door for corruption," said Singh.

The activist, who has been campaigning against rural distress in Bundelkhand for over a decade, says the lekhpals collect around `1,000 per crop failure report. "On an average there would be around a hundred reports that need to be drafted in a village and they get to pocket around `1 lakh per village just for assessing the damage. Those who don't pay simply do not figure in the process," he added.

A manager with a leading bank that issues KCCs agreed that the follow-up on insurance claims by the companies concerned was below par. "The farmers themselves have no clue about how they can get their claim. No awareness pro grammes have been conducted to educate them about how the loss is computed and claims processed. If we need to improve the efficacy of the programme, the farmer needs to know that he has a right to his claim."

Anil Sharma, a representative of the Association for D e m o c r a t i c Re forms who has been documenting the in efficacy of institutions in these parts, says there are many villages where people do not know how the government functions and what their basic rights are. "People do not get any help from the government. To make matters worse, climate change is beginning to cause a severe impact on agriculture so much so that we can say that farming could well be dying a slow death," said Sharma.

Sharma says illegal mining is responsible for the severe swing in climate in the region ."The green cover in this area has been destroyed and this is because the political system makes money through mining. Years of cutting trees and over-exploitation of resources and destruction of the hills have contributed to the severity of the situation here," says Sharma.

Changing Climate

Some estimates suggest that as many as 100 farmers may have committed suicide in Bun delkhand till April this year. Due to the re petitive cycles of misery, a large number of farmers have migrated to Delhi and other towns in North India in search of work.

Just when, after several dry spells, it looked as if things couldn't get worse, farmers were greeted with their harvest being washed away by untimely rains and hail. "The lekh pal had visited our house and he knows that my brother committed suicide. I don't know why he did not prepare a report and send it to the government or how the government can claim that they don't know about the sui cides," says the relative of a farmer who com mitted suicide a fortnight ago.

The Uttar Pradesh government said that damage to crops had spread to 40 districts and said the monetary losses were now up wards of `1,100 crore. UP chief secretary Alok Ranjan, however, maintained that none of the deaths of farmers reported since late March this year were suicides and classified them as accidental deaths caused by light ning and other such. "There is no conclusive proof yet that any of the suicides that have been reported have anything to do with un seasonal, heavy rains," he said.

The farmers are angry with the state gov ernment for the lack of urgency shown to meet the challenge of rural distress. They are also unhappy with the Centre for not moving fast enough to come to their aid."We had huge expectations from the Narendra Modi government. But they are nowhere to be seen after the elections," said Raghubir, a farmer from Mahoba village.According to the 27-year-old youngster, making announcements on compensation alone will not be enough. "The state govern ment is not doing anything. The Cen tre needs to play a more decisive role. But if they just announce com pensation without ensuring that the state bureaucracy plays its role in computing losses and processing files, it will be of no use. The farmers of the region desperately need the Narendra Modi we were promised. I hope he will take charge and ensure some action is taken on the ground."






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http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/index.aspx?eid=31817&dt=20150412



Business Standard reports the alarming scenario:

With unseasonal rain and hail ┬аthreatening to damage 5-10 per cent of the standing crop, traders and private flour millers have signed contracts to import 70,000-80,000 tonnes of wheat.


"Traders have entered into contracts to import wheat as there is a fear that much of high-quality fresh wheat, used by flour mill owners, might have been damaged in the recent rains, mainly in Madhya Pradesh," an official from a leading global trading firm told Business Standard.


He added the development might be out of concern ┬аover the damages and might not become a trend in the coming days, as grain stocks in state-run warehouses are much more than required.


Purchases by India, the world's second largest wheat consumer and producer, could push global wheat prices, which have rallied six per cent in the past two sessions on the Chicago Board of Trade. ┬а


A Reuters report ┬аsaid flour millers had purchased 70,000-80,000 tonnes of Australian prime wheat for April-May shipment at $260-$265 a tonne, including cost and freight.


Last week, the Union government had lowered its estimate of crop damage in the recent rain and hail across several states, following a meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and officials from the affected states.

According to the government's revised estimates, standing rabi crops in 10.67 million hectares of land has been damaged in the recent rains and hailstorm, which is 17.26% of the total rabi acreage of cereals. The preliminary estimate had cited the figure as 18.1 million hectares.

While wheat suffered the most damage, the extent of damage in the revised estimates is much lower than the preliminary report - at 6.3 million hectares and 12.1 million hectare, respectively.

This damage estimate also includes horticulture crops such as onion, mango, grapes, and banana, which was also the case during the earlier preliminary assessment done by the agriculture ministry.

Stocks lying with the state-run Food Corporation of India totalled 19.52 million tonnes on March 1, which is substantially higher than a target of four million tonnes. However, some of the older stocks - two years and above - might be of lower quality. In addition to the rain-damage, Indian millers are also importing because of global freight rates, which plunged to a record low last month, the Reuters report said.

http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/traders-to-import-80-000-tonnes-wheat-as-rains-damage-standing-crop-115033100817_1.html

Money Control reports:

India has bought up to 80,000 tonnes of Australian wheat in recent deals, three trade sources said on Tuesday, the biggest such imports by the country in five years as unseasonal rains damage the crop at home. Purchases by the Fworld's No.2 wheat consumer and producer could buoy benchmark Chicago prices , which rallied more than 6 percent in the past two sessions and are currently near a one-week top amid concerns over dry weather and rising temperatures hurting the US winter crop. Indian flour millers have bought between 70,000 and 80,000 tonnes of Australian prime wheat for April-May shipment at USD 260-USD 265 a tonne, including cost and freight. "They have bought three cargoes as some mills are taking coverage because of reports of rain damage," said one Singapore-based trading manager with an international trading company. "We don't expect India to buy large volumes as they have substantially large stocks but there could be some demand for higher grade wheat." India imported around 200,000 tonnes of wheat in 2010, US Department of Agriculture data shows, and purchases since then have been low because of bumper domestic production. But wheat output and overall crop quality is seen taking a hit this year following heavy, untimely rain in northern and central grain-growing parts of India just before the harvest. Traders said the top high-protein wheat producing states of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan have seen worst damage. While it is too early to estimate the extent of damage to the wheat crop, winter crops in more than 10 million hectares could be hit, government officials said. India could be in the market for more shipments although large stockpiles in government silos may cap purchases. Stocks lying with the state-run Food Corporation of India totalled 19.52 million tonnes on March 1, substantially higher than a target of 4 million tonnes. Still, some of the stocks, which are more than two-year old, may be of average to lower quality. In addition to the rain-damage, Indian millers are importing also because of global freight rates that plunged to a record low last month. "At times some port-based flour millers in southern India import high-protein wheat from Australia to take advantage of freight rates and lower global prices," said Prem Gupta, a senior member of the Roller Flour Millers Association of India. "If international prices are lower, it becomes economical to import rather than get cargoes transported from the main production centres in central or northern parts of India."


Read more at: http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/economy/indiabiggest-wheat-import5-yrs-as-rains-damage-crop_1344994.html?utm_source=ref_article

The Globeandmail reports:


In the fading days of India's last administration, it was easy to locate the country's top bureaucrats: They were usually down at the Delhi Golf Club in the heart of the capital, thwacking balls past the historic course's imposing Mughal-era tombs. Starting early in the morning, senior civil servants could sneak in a round before making the short journey from the course тАУ which was founded during the British Raj тАУ to nearby government offices in time for a mid-morning start.

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ECONOMY
Video: India's growth projected to outpace China's

India's President Pranab Mukherjee hosts 'At Home' ceremony for U.S. President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama, at the lawns of presidential palace. Rough Cut (no reporter narration).

VIDEO
Video: Indian President hosts 'At Home' ceremony for Obamas

U.S. President Barack┬аObama, left and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi pose for the media prior to their talks, in New Delhi, India, Sunday, Jan. 25, 2015. Seizing on their personal bond,Obama┬аand Modi said Sunday they had made progress on nuclear cooperation and climate change, with┬аObama┬аdeclaring a "breakthrough understanding" in efforts to free U.S. investment in nuclear energy development in India.

VIDEO
Video: Obama reveals nuclear breakthrough on landmark India trip

At the time, the Indian National Congress government was embroiled in several high-profile corruption scandals, and ordinary government business had essentially stopped. Bureaucrats and ministers sat on files, afraid to approve anything that might get them in trouble. India had gone from being the world's most promising emerging market to a dysfunctional mess.

Last May, a frustrated, tired nation voted in droves for a regime change and a tough new prime minister: Narendra Modi.

Nearly a year after he took power, tee time is officially over: Honorary golf-club memberships have been cancelled, government employees sign in on tablets that display their attendance on a public website, and newly enlivened bureaucrats are finally stamping files again. "The Delhi Golf Club is like a ghost town now," says Harjeet Bajaj, a Canadian businessman who manages various projects in India.

Mr. Modi's election was nothing short of historic: The right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) he leads won the most decisive electoral majority in 25 years in this country of more than 1.2 billion people. His victory demolished the venerable Congress Party's hold on parliament, ending a long string of fragile coalition governments that had become paralyzed by corruption and constantly shifting political alliances.

After a year in office, Mr. Modi has brought stability to the capital, optimism to the business community and momentum to foreign relations, with frequent trips abroad to foster renewed faith in his country тАУ including a forthcoming one to Canada. Mr. Modi will arrive here for a three-day visit on Tuesday, during which he will meet Prime Minister Stephen Harper, financial leaders and Indo-Canadian groups. Among his specific goals: inking a major deal with Cameco Corp. to secure a steady source of uranium to meet India's growing nuclear-energy needs.

Though he started his term with huge expectations, Mr. Modi has proved more cautious and incremental than many had expected. He's slowly repairing damage wreaked by previous governments' corruption, while avoiding big-ticket reforms and instead tinkering around the margins: lifting foreign-direct-investment restrictions here, slashing education and social spending there, and allotting new funds to select infrastructure projects. He has also launched an ambitious program to encourage global firms to manufacture their products in India тАУ a scheme that may take years, but that his government hopes will bring millions of well-paying jobs to a country where the majority of people struggle as farmers, urban labourers or small-time shopkeepers.

There are signs of progress: The country's GDP is predicted to rise to 7.5 per cent this year, after hovering around five per cent in the previous two years.

But Mr. Modi's promises of sweeping economic development remain largely unrealized: Factories have not begun to spring up, and there are no gleaming new highways. Few expected instantaneous change, but even some who welcomed Mr. Modi's election see little evidence that he is making a difference. The stock market may be soaring, but India still ranks 142nd out of 189 countries in terms of ease of doing business. And although Mr. Modi has got the government moving again, India is a massive, complicated country. Many of its poorest have seen little improvement since his election.

There are other concerns, as well. Those who feared the ardent Hindu nationalist would be unable to control his party's more radical elements cite a resurgence of religious prejudice, and sometimes religiously motivated violence. Others worry about increased restrictions on civil society, and inaction on social issues such as women's rights.

To create the millions of jobs his nation desperately needs, Mr. Modi will need to implement deeper, structural reforms. He has had a year to settle in. Now, India wants real change.

From chai stand to parliament

Mr. Modi is the most polarizing mainstream politician in modern India. Unlike most of the nation's political class, he grew up poor, in the dusty town of Vadnagar in the rural state of Gujarat, selling tea from his father's chai stand near the local railway station. He eventually drifted into the radical Hindu nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), where he began working as one of the giant volunteer organization's propagandists, leaving behind the woman his parents had arranged for him to marry, and living an austere, solitary life, wandering for years as an ascetic in the Himalayas.

The RSS, which feeds the now-ruling BJP with many of its top leaders, has long been associated with the violent, khaki-shorts-wearing foot soldiers of the Hindu nationalist тАУ or Hindutva тАУ movement. Mr. Modi, too, joined the BJP. He rose through the party's ranks, eventually becoming Gujarat's chief minister; as the state's leader, he served four consecutive terms, winning each election more decisively than the last.

It was in his 12 years as chief minister that Mr. Modi shaped his reputation as a pro-business autocrat who ran a clean government. He simplified the approval process for new businesses and wooed companies to set up factories in Gujarat with cheap land, low-interest loans, and promises of reliable supplies of power and water. Bombardier and McCain have plants there, as does Ford. Famously, Ratan Tata decided to move a planned manufacturing plant for his new Tata Nano car from another state to Gujarat after he received a text message from Mr. Modi.

His record in other areas is more troubling. Like others in the BJP, Mr. Modi was not afraid to use religious tensions to his political advantage: His state government resisted giving compensation and housing to survivors of Gujarat's infamous 2002 riots, in which more than 1,000 people, mainly Muslims, were killed in vicious religious violence. He once likened resettlement camps for displaced Muslims to baby-making factories.

Mr. Modi was cleared тАУ by a Supreme Court-monitored special investigation team тАУ of complicity in the attacks, but some believe he can never be fully exculpated, citing his inaction as the riots unfolded: Police often stood by while people were killed, or helped abet the killing. In the years since, Mr. Modi has never apologized.

An unfinished economic revolution

People talk about India as an economic success story only because of reforms introduced in 1991, when the Congress government brought into being a dramatic liberalization process тАУ one that makes Mr. Modi's efforts so far look timid by comparison. The government effectively dismantled the so-called Permit Raj of rigid licences, import approvals and other legacies of India's socialist postcolonial period. The reforms unleashed the country's talented business class, and growth soared. Indian universities now churn out a steady stream of brilliant software engineers, scientists and globally competitive business people.

Over the next decade, many new businesses surged: call centres, back-office outsourcing, and eventually more advanced research industries in pharmaceuticals and technology in southern cities such as Bangalore and Hyderabad; as well as some manufacturing around cities such as Chennai тАУ a car-making hub тАУ and Gujarat's Ahmedabad, which both have access to ports. But it was an unfinished, and unequal, revolution. The services sector, which now accounts for half of India's GDP, employs a comparatively small segment of the country's vast population.

India has the second-largest labour force in the world тАУ about 500 million people тАУ but roughly half of them work in the fields, on unproductive small plots of farmland that have been subdivided over generations. While the country has world-class institutes of technology and management, it also has an abysmal record of giving children a basic education, partly because of resistance from rural Indians, who want their children to work rather than go to school. Many businesses also complain that graduates from all but the elite colleges and universities have few usable skills, and can require up to six months of training before being ready for work.

Which is why Mr. Modi is casting a much wider net in his quest for economic development тАУ for example, by pushing for hundreds of millions of Indians to open bank accounts, so that the central government can transfer subsidies to them directly rather than through corrupted middlemen.

Making things, to make jobs

Between 1997 and 2011, India's economy grew on average at around 7 per cent a year. But even while the economy was surging and some sectors were on the upswing, there was no commensurate gain in the industrial-scale, export-oriented manufacturing that propelled China's masses out of poverty.

There are several reasons for this. Outside of India's big cities, the roads are often flooded, potholed and gridlocked with bullock carts. Ports, railways and other infrastructure are in terrible shape, making it costly to move goods around the country: It is often cheaper to ship something from Mumbai to Africa than to ship it within India. Power cuts are a regular occurrence, contracts are essentially unenforceable, legal disputes can take several decades to wind through India's clogged court system, regulation has been unpredictable, corruption has been a problem at all levels of government, and acquiring land for new projects can take years.

In contrast to the services industry, where companies can simply move into pre-existing real estate, industrial firms in particular can't easily purchase plants тАУ and since they often require more land, equipment, power and other supplies than do businesses such as research labs, manufacturing has been particularly stunted. The World Bank ranks India 184th out of 189 nations in "dealing with construction permits"тАУ making it literally one of the worst places in the world to build something.

Changing this state of affairs is one of Mr. Modi's priorities. And it seems to be working. "The biggest change is hope," says Shailesh Pathak, executive director of the Bhartiya Group, an Indian conglomerate that spans fashion and real-estate. "Last year, the feeling was despair. This year, it is hope."

Mr. Modi is making a concerted effort to improve India's manufacturing sector тАУ acknowledging, in the process, that economic progress, without jobs, is not the way forward. "What we need is not just more production," he has said, "but mass production and production by masses."

Inside a complex of cream-coloured government buildings in New Delhi, Amitabh Kant is a man besieged. It is 6:30 p.m. on March 31 тАУ the last day of India's fiscal year тАУ and a half-dozen people are waiting outside his office. He has to catch a flight to China, but the phone keeps ringing, and a staffer has just dumped three overflowing manila envelopes in front of Mr. Kant, who is secretary of India's department of industrial policy and promotion within the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. "I'll miss my flight if I don't clear these," he says, removing his glasses and rubbing his nose with his thumb and index finger. "I don't have time for a long Q&A."

Mr. Kant is the man responsible for Mr. Modi's "Make in India" campaign, a high-profile initiative to convince the world's manufacturers to build their products on the subcontinent. It aims to boost manufacturing in 25 key sectors, from transportation, mining, electronics and chemicals to biotechnology, food processing and wellness. The campaign includes practical measures тАУ the government recently revamped import duties on electronics, doubling the fees for finished devices, while cutting the duty on components to zero тАУ but the biggest focus has been on outreach.

In addition to that campaign, Mr. Modi has begun to dismantle the vestiges of more than 60 years of socialist state policies, selling off stakes in public companies, opening some sectors to foreign investment, and abolishing India's Planning Commission, a 500-person group that churned out Soviet-style five-year economic plans under successive Congress governments. He is now also embroiled in a political battle to significantly alter India's arduous land-acquisition policy. While Congress and other liberals see this as a corporate land grab, Mr. Modi and the BJP say they want to make it easier for businesses and government to buy land from farmers for factories, roads and other infrastructure projects.

There are some indications that this emphasis on manufacturing is beginning to have an impact. The Canadian electronics company Datawind, for instance, which makes inexpensive smartphones and tablets for the Indian market, announced that it would relocate production from Chinese factories to India now that import duties have been changed. "This will shift manufacturing to India," says Suneet Singh Tuli, Datawind's chief executive officer, who has pledged to create roughly 1,000 new jobs in the country.

Other global gadget makers are also said to be looking at opening factories. And the foreigners' registration office in New Delhi is full of Japanese nationals representing huge companies such as Sharp and Mitsubishi, seeking new countries in which to invest.

Fomenting dissent

Down a series of back alleyways off the main road тАУ past butchers of beef and lamb, and motorcycles negotiating the narrow laneways with shrieking horn blasts тАУ a school in a Muslim neighbourhood of Muzaffarnagar, in the poor northern state of Uttar Pradesh, sits beside a flowing canal of raw sewage. The city of about a half-million people is just a three-hour drive north of New Delhi. Nearby, children play cricket on a field of garbage. A clean hit sends the ball sailing into an open sewer. A boy runs over, picks it out with his bare hand, and throws it back to his friends.

Shandar Ghufran, headmaster of the 600-student school and a community activist, points to a new elevated entranceway and a small brick wall with three concrete steps at the front door; they were recently built to prevent sewage from flowing into the school when it rains. Others in the predominantly Muslim neighbourhood are not so lucky: Their homes are flooded with filthy, disease-carrying water when the rains are heavy. Mr. Ghufran says that no Hindu student has ever applied to come here, and that Muslim students applying elsewhere in the city are regularly turned away.

Since Mr. Modi's election victory, Mr. Ghufran says, already-simmering tensions in Muzaffarnagar have gotten worse. Urban-development funds, he says, seem to have stopped flowing to Muslim communities. Posters have gone up in alleyways imploring Hindu women to bear more children, playing on the Hindu right's constant refrain that Muslims have larger families. Other posters have gone up, too, reading "Long Live Nathuram Godse"тАУ a reference to Mahatma Gandhi's assassin, a one-time member of the RSS, who shot India's pacifist icon for appeasing India's Muslims around the time of Partition. "The pressure is building," Mr. Ghufran says.

Muslims have a long history in India, and the present population is enormous: about 180 million. But more than 80 per cent of Indians are Hindu; and so it doesn't hurt Mr. Modi politically to ignore Muslims or to inflame tensions. Conversely, making concessions to India's Muslim communities could result in a significant backlash from the BJP, the RSS and hardline Hindu volunteers and supporters.

Muzaffarnagar and its surrounding villages exploded with anti-Muslim riots in 2013 тАУ violence that led to more than 60 deaths and caused tens of thousands of Muslims to be displaced from their homes. It was one of the worst incidents of religious violence since the Gujarat riots of 2002.

Amit Shah, president of the BJP and a close confidant of Mr. Modi, visited the city during the 2014 election campaign тАУ and besought the area's Hindus to get revenge on local Muslims by voting for his party. Although Mr. Shah was subsequently censured by India's Election Commission, he remains close to the Prime Minister, even as Mr. Modi himself has toned down his own comments in recent years, after international condemnation of the Gujarat riots.

Amir Khan, a 55-year-old Muslim cloth merchant who operates a roadside shop in Muzaffarnagar, says that since Mr. Modi took office he has seen his business drop by about 85 per cent. "I used to get a lot of [Hindu] Jat customers," he says. "Now, there are not many who come here. It started after the riots. But after the elections it got even worse."

The Muslims who were driven from their homes in Muzaffarnagar have been left with little recourse. In early April, The Globe and Mail visited Uttar Pradesh's Shamli district, where a ragged, morose group was dismantling two large displacement camps after local officials had arrived that morning with bulldozers to evict them тАУ two years after the riots, they still don't have a home.

Riyahat Meerhasan, a wizened 60-year-old man with nine children, had his house destroyed in the riots and was piling bricks one by one into a horse-drawn cart. He and many others here say they are petrified of returning to their villages, where their homes and possessions were left behind. Says Mr. Meerhasan, "I don't know where I'm going to go now."

None of these displaced villagers has received any compensation from either the state or central government. Human Rights Watch has demanded that authorities stop the forced evictions, properly investigate the violence and provide aid. But the only relief seems to have come from a nearby Muslim farmer, Haji Dilshad, who donated his land to build permanent dwellings with funding from the Al Falah trust in the United Kingdom. But even he faced hurdles: The local government tried to prevent him from building the structures on his land, he says, because a permanent refugee community of concrete homes would be proof of how widespread the displacement actually was.

Out here, Mr. Modi's India is not changing: It remains as polarized, poor and underdeveloped as ever.

The riots were rooted in the movement that fuelled Mr. Modi's rise, but none of the displaced Muslims I spoke with expressed any anger at their new prime minister. They simply wanted to send him a message as he makes another of his frequent trips abroad. "He has all the power. He controls the government. If he wants to, he could help us. He could put a roof over our heads. That's my request," says Saddam, who did odd jobs in local villages before he fled to the camp. "I hope you will communicate our plight to the Modi government as he visits Canada."

Christians in the crosshairs

In addition to Muslim communities, India's Christians тАУ who make up 2.3 per cent of the population тАУ have also felt besieged under Mr. Modi. In New Delhi late last year, there were a number of attacks on churches. In February, several men forced their way into a convent and school in West Bengal and over the course of two hours raped a nun and desecrated the chapel.

Just last week, the discrimination even hit a Supreme Court judge тАУ Kurian Joseph, a Christian тАУ who was reprimanded by the Chief Justice after refusing to attend a judicial conference, that included a meeting with the Prime Minister, because it took place over Easter Weekend. Mr. Joseph, alluding to the fact that such events would never be held on Hindu holidays, penned a letter to Mr. Modi, asking him, as "the guardian of Indian secularism," to "benevolently show equal importance and respect to the sacred days of all religions."

In December, one Bharatiya Janata Party MP suggested that the nation celebrate "Good Governance Day" on Dec. 25 in honour of former BJP Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee's birthday тАУ another obvious offence.

John Dayal, the secretary-general of the All India Christian Council, says that while Hindu nationalists tend to view Indian Muslims as potential secret agents for Pakistan, they also worry that Christians are secretly trying to convert the more than 167 million lower-caste Dalits (formerly known as Untouchables), as well as indigenous, or so-called tribal, people in remote areas, to Christianity.

In early February, while protesting the government's silence over the issue, Mr. Dayal and dozens of other Christian activists and nuns were detained by police. "We've always had a base level of violence against Christian and Muslim communities under different governments," Mr. Dayal says. "The RSS, when another party is in power, is more surreptitious. But when their own government is in power, they become fearless."

The end of the honeymoon

In February, Mr. Modi's long victory streak finally ended. After winning elections repeatedly since the early 2000s тАУ in Gujarat as chief minister, in the national elections of 2014, and then with several party triumphs in state-level elections, Mr. Modi's surge came to a spectacular halt in state elections in New Delhi. Despite campaigning personally, Mr. Modi's BJP was defeated by the Aam Aadmi (Common Man) Party, which grew out of India's recent anti-corruption movement and promised cheap or free water and electricity. Of Delhi's 70 seats, AAP won 67 тАУ just nine months after being routed by the BJP in the national elections.

Mr. Modi's critics saw this as a clear sign of dissatisfaction with India's direction under the BJP leader, while supporters downplayed the loss, saying the BJP was punished for refusing to promise economically unsustainable government services. Either way, the loss was a high-profile setback for Mr. Modi and his party.

This has been compounded by other public stumbles. When U.S. President Barack Obama visited India in January, Mr. Modi greeted him in a suit with pinstripes made up of his name тАУ Narendra Damodardas Modi тАУ repeated over and over again. It was widely mocked as politically tone deaf.

More seriously, Mr. Modi has been criticized for being slow to address a mounting agricultural crisis. Heavy rains have destroyed many winter crops in northern India's fertile plains, and there have been suicides as the government failed to step in and compensate farmers. In rural Uttar Pradesh, standing at the edge of a flooded field, an 80-year-old Muslim labourer named Wazir, who has worked on the farm all his life, offers a grim verdict on Mr. Modi's first year in power: "He looks out for the industrialists only. He has done nothing so far."

On a narrow patio off the laneway office of the Centre for Equity Studies in south Delhi, Harsh Mander is enjoying the mild spring weather as a woman pulls down laundry from an adjacent rooftop. A social activist who resigned from the Indian civil service over the Gujarat riots, he has just eyed proofs for his new book on inequality and indifference in India тАУ a book in which Mr. Modi appears multiple times.

To Mr. Mander and other social activists, Mr. Modi's promises of development ring hollow. "There's nothing in the growth model that actually provides jobs. That is going to be the Achilles heel of this government," Mr. Mander says. "For a big percentage of people, life is as hopeless as it ever was."

He's not the only one who is skeptical. Many of India's liberals and intellectuals, who are living through dark days after Congress's defeat, remain broadly disillusioned with Mr. Modi's plan.

Saumitra Chaudhuri, a former member of India's Planning Commission and an economic adviser to the last prime minister, says Mr. Modi has struggled because of his new government's inexperience. And he agrees with critics such as Mr. Mander that the Prime Minister is promising something that he never delivered in Gujarat: jobs. "There are no labour-intensive industries in Gujarat," Mr. Chaudhuri says over a whisky and soda at the India International Centre, a cultural hub in Delhi. "He just wants industry. But not jobs."

Activists also worry that, under Mr. Modi, civil society is getting squeezed. The government is giving extra scrutiny to foreign-funded environmental NGOs, such as Greenpeace, which it blames for stalled development projects. And just a few days ago, the Prime Minister made controversial remarks about "five-star activists" clogging up the judicial system, adding to the ominous sense that Mr. Modi's India may be becoming less tolerant of vibrant democratic debate.

Recently, the government also banned the documentary India's Daughter, by a British director, about a prominent New Delhi rape case, despite Mr. Modi's strident rhetoric about protecting Indian women. Charu, a medical student who only felt comfortable providing her first name to a journalist, says Mr. Modi does not back up his talk with action and has only paid "lip service" to women's safety in India. "I don't feel like Modi has done anything, he is talking only," she says. "It's not safe."

To Sunayana Walia, a women's rights activist from Gujarat, these developments are all too familiar. When her work brought her into contact with Muslim survivors of the Gujarat riots, her organization тАУ SEWA, the Self-Employed Women's Association тАУ found a project's funding abruptly cut off. And a national program through which NGOs helped run crisis centres for women was recently shut down, she says. "This stuff was already happening in Gujarat, but now one sees glimpses at the national level," she says. "It's making people very nervous."

What next?

Although Mr. Modi has a majority in India's lower house, or Lok Sabha, this does not enable him to implement a truly ambitious agenda. Under India's bicameral system, he also needs to win state-level elections, because it is possession of those state legislatures that gives parties advantage in the upper house, the Rajya Sabha.

The BJP is currently outnumbered in the upper house, which means that Mr. Modi's big-ticket reforms could stall unless he is permitted to call a rare joint session of the two houses тАУ or he wins more state elections.

And that's important, because it is at the state level that businesses run into the most frustrations. Dinesh Singhal, who runs a big industrial business in the city of Meerut, applied one year ago to the state government of Uttar Pradesh to get permission to expand his plant. "I would have had to give a big bribe, which I am not giving, then I would get approved," says Mr. Singhal, the CEO of Kanohar Electricals, as the power goes out in his office. "The states are not serious. They take money and eat it up. They are not concerned about manufacturing or jobs."

For the Prime Minister, says Ambarish Datta, the CEO of the BSE Institute, a training arm of the Bombay Stock Exchange, the real work of his five-year term begins now. "Sentiment is good. Investor inflows are high. But people now want to see action on the field," he says. "The last year is doling out freebies and basically preparing for another election. And the first year is settling in."

"It's a little like cricket," he adds. "The real action is in the middle."

Shilan Shah, an India economist with the London-based research firm Capital Economics Ltd., says that Mr. Modi has made some progress on easing regulations and opening up some sectors тАУ such as defence, insurance, and railways тАУ to foreign investment, but that he has underwhelmed the market on the "really big-bang reforms."

He has not opened up the much larger financial and retail sectors to foreign competition тАУ with retail, in particular, being politically sensitive in a nation with so many grocers and hawkers.

Another key area in need of reform: labour-market regulation, which is governed by a complicated system of roughly 200 laws at both the national and state levels. These prevent large-scale manufacturing, by making it necessary for firms with more than 100 employees to seek government approval for firing people. As a result, companies resort to hiring off the books. "The upshot to all of this is that the economy should slowly recover over the next few years," Mr. Shah says. "But growth will probably fall short of India's immense potential."

Vinod Sawhny, a prominent business executive in Mumbai, sees many of the current political difficulties as an extension of the sheer magnitude of Mr. Modi's task: trying to wrench India out of an economy тАУ and a political system тАУ that still treats, and seeks to preserve, India as a nation of farmers and villages. Taking full advantage of the country's demographic dividend тАУ every second Indian is below the age of 25 тАУ and turning the country into a manufacturingтАУ and service-based economy is going to require a "a huge mindset change," he says. Not to mention more than just one year.

"We have a golden opportunity," Mr. Sawhny says. "The next 24 months will determine whether a new India takes shape. It will be an absolute lost opportunity if we don't prove it. The time is now."

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/the-formidable-challenge-facing-narendra-modi/article23884977/


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рдкрд▓рд╛рд╢ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╛рд╕


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рдЖрдкрдХреЛ рдмрддрд╛ рджреЗрдВ рдХрд┐ рд╕рд┐рд░реНрдл рдЕрдиреБрд╕реВрдЪрд┐рдд рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдХрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдг рд╕рдВрдЧрдардиреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рднрд╛рд░рдд рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдиреЗ рдЕрдВрдмреЗрдбрдХрд░ рдЬрдпрдВрддреА рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╕реМ рдХрд░реЛрдбрд╝ рд░реБрдкрдпреЗ рдордВрдЬреВрд░ рдХрд┐рдпреЗ рд╣реИрдВред


рд╕рдВрдШ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рдзреВрдордзрд╛рдо рд╕реЗ рдЕрдВрдмреЗрдбрдХрд░ рдЬрдпрдВрддреА рдордирд╛ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИ рднрд╛рд░реА рднрд░рдХрдо рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рднрд╡реНрдпрдЖрдпреЛрдЬрдиреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдЕрд▓рд╛рд╡рд╛ рддреЛ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреБрддреНрд╡ рдХреЗ рдореМрд▓рд┐рдХ рдЭрдВрдбреЗрд╡рд░рджрд╛рд░ рдХрд╛рдВрдЧреНрд░реЗрд╕ рднреА рдкреАрдЫреЗ рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реИредрдХрд╛рд░рдкреЛрд░реЗрдЯ рдШрд░рд╛рдиреЗ рднреА рдмрдврдЮрдЪрдврдЮрдХрд░ рдЕрдВрдмреЗрдбрдХрд░ рдЬрдпрдВрддреА рдордирд╛ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣реИрдВред


рдпрд╣ рд╕рдордЭрдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рдмрд╛рдд рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдордиреБрд╕реНрдореГрддрд┐ рдФрд░ рдЬрд╛рддрд┐ рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рдХреЗ рдирд╕реНрд▓реА рд░рдВрдЧрднреЗрдж рдХреЗ рдЦрд┐рд▓рд╛рдл,рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рд╕рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╡рд╛рдж рдХреЗ рдХрд┐рд▓рд╛рдл рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдЬреЛ рд▓рдбрд╝рддреЗ рд░рд╣реЗ,рдФрд░ рдордиреБрд╕реНрдореГрддрд┐ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рд╣рд┐рдВрджреБрддреНрд╡ рдХрд╛ рдкрд░рд┐рддреНрдпрд╛рдЧ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЙрдирдиреЗ рдЬреЛ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рдзрд░реНрдо рдХрд╛ рдкрд░рд┐рддреНрдпрд╛рдЧ рдХрд░рдХреЗ рдмреМрджреНрдзрдзрд░реНрдо рдХреА рджреАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рд▓реА,рддреЛ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реА рд╣рд┐рдВрджреБрддреНрд╡ рдХреЗ,рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ ┬ард╕рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╡рд╛рдж рдХреЗ рд╕рдмрд╕реЗ рдмрдбрд╝реЗ рд╢рддреНрд░реБ рдХрд╛ рдЬрдиреНрдорджрд┐рди рдХреЛ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдкреБрдгреНрдпрдкрд░реНрд╡ рдХреА рддрд░рд╣ рдХреНрдпреЛрдВ рдордирд╛ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИ рд╕рдВрдШ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕рдХрд╛ рдЕрд╕рд▓реА рдордХрд╕рдж рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╣реИред


рд╕рдордЭрдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рдмрд╛рдд рдпрд╣ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдХреЛ рдИрд╢реНрд╡рд░ рдмрдирд╛рдХрд░ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рд╕рдорд░рд╕рддрд╛ рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рди рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд,рдШрд░рд╡рд╛рдкрд╕реА рдХреЗ рдЬрдмрд░рди рдзрд░реНрдорд╛рдВрддрд░рдг рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд,рдЖрдХреНрд░рд╛рдордХ рдореБрдХреНрддрдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░реА рдЬрд╛рдпрдиреА рдлрд╛рд╕реАрд╡рд╛рдж рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд рд╕рдВрдШ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ рдПрдЬрдВрдбрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдХреА рдкреНрд░рд╛рд╕рдВрдЧрд┐рдХрддрд╛ рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╣реИред


рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╕рдВрдШ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЛ рдмреМрджреНрдзрдордп рдмрдирд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдкрдВрдЪрд╢реАрд▓ рдЦрддреНрдо рдкрдВрдЪрд╛рдореГрдд рдЪрд╛рд▓реВ рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рди рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд рдпрд╣ рдХрд░рддрдм рдХрд░ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИ рдпрд╛ рдирд╣реАрдВ,рдпрд╣ рднреА рд╕рдордЭрдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рдмрд╛рдд рд╣реИред


рдпрд╣ рднреА рдЧреМрд░ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рдмрд╛рдд рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рд╕рдВрдШ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рдирд╕реНрд▓реА рднреЗрджрднрд╛рд╡ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдордиреБрд╕реНрдореГрддрд┐ рд░рд╛рдЬрдХрд╛рдЬ рдХреЗ рд╡рд░реНрдгрд╡рд░реНрдЪрд╕реНрд╡реА рддрдВрддреНрд░ рдордВрддреНрд░ рдпрдВрддреНрд░ рдХреЛ рдмрд╣рд╛рд▓ рд░рдЦрддреЗ рд╣реБрдП рдХрд┐рд╕ рд╕рдорддрд╛ рдФрд░ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдЬрд┐рдХ рдиреНрдпрд╛рдп рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЖрдЬрд╛рджреА рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рдд рджрд╢рдХ рдмрд╛рдж рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдХреА рд╢рд░рдг рдореЗрдВ рд╣реИрдВред


рд╕рдВрдШ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рд╡реАрд░ рд╕рд╛рд╡рд░рдХрд░ рдХреА рд╢рд░рдг рдореЗрдВ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЧрд╛рдВрдзреА рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛рд░рд╛ рдЧреЛрдбрд╕реЗ рдХреЛ рдИрд╢реНрд╡рд░ рдмрдирд╛ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИ,рддреЛ рдЕрдВрдмреЗрдбрдХрд░ рдХреЛ рдИрд╢реНрд╡рд░ рдмрдирд╛рдХрд░ рдмрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЗ рдмрд╣реБрдЬрдиреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рд╡рд╣ рдХреНрдпрд╛рднрд▓рд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рд╣реИ,рдЗрд╕ рдкрд░ рднреА рдЧреМрд░ рдХрд░реЗрдВред


рд╕рдордЭрдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рдмрд╛рдд рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдХреЗ рдмрдирд╛рдпреЗ рд╕рд╛рд░реЗ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рд░реЗ рд╢реНрд░рдо рдХрд╛рдиреВрди рдЦрддреНрдо рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА,рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдХреА рд╡рдЬрд╣ рд╕реЗ рдмрдиреЗ рд░рд┐рдЬрд░реНрд╡ рдмреИрдХ рдЖрдл рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЗ рдирд┐рдЬреАрдХрд░рдг рдХреЗ рд╕рд┐рд▓рд╕рд┐рд▓реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рд░реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рд╕реЗрдмреА рдХреЛ рд╕реМрдВрдкрдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА,рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдХреЗ рднреВрдорд┐ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░ рдХреАрдорд╛рдВрдЧ рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рдкрд░реАрдд рдЕрдзреНрдпрд╛рджреЗрд╢реЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╣рд╛рд░реЗ рджреЗрд╢ рдХреА рд╕рд╛рд░реА рдЬрдореАрди рдХрд╛рд░рдкреЛрд░реЗрдЯрдШрд░рд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рд╕реМрдВрдк рджреЗрдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА,рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдХреЗ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рд╕рдВрд╕рд╛рдзрдиреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдХрд░рдг рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рдкрд░реАрдд рд╕рдВрдкреВрд░реНрдг рдирд┐рдЬреАрдХрд░рдг,рд╕рдВрдкреВрд░реНрдг рд╡рд┐рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдХреА рдЬрдирд╕рдВрд╣рд╛рд░реА рдиреАрддрд┐рдпрд╛рдВ рдЕрдкрдирд╛рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рдФрд░ рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдХреЗ рдмрд╣реБрдЬрдиреЛрдВ,рдЕрд▓реНрдкрд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрдХреЛрдВ,рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛рдУрдВ рдФрд░ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рд╢рд░реНрдорд┐рдХреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рджрд┐рдпреЗ рд╕рдВрд╡реИрдзрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛рдХрд╡рдЪ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рд╕рд╛рде рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд╕рдВрд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рди рдХреЛ рд╣реА рд╕рд┐рд░реЗ рд╕реЗ рдЦрддреНрдо рдХрд░рдиреЗрд╡рд╛рд▓реА рднрд╛рд░рдд рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдЕрдВрдмреЗрдбрдХрд░ рдЬрдпрдВрддреА рдЙрддреНрд╕рд╡ рдХреНрдпреЛрдВ рдордирд╛ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИред


рдлрд┐рд░ рдЗрд╕ рдмрд┐рдЬрдиреЗрд╕ рдлреНрд░реЗрдВрдбрд▓реА рджреЗрд╢ рдмреЗрдЪреЛ,рд╕реЛрдиреЗ рдХреА рдЪрд┐рдбрд╝рд┐рдпрд╛ рдорд╛рд░реЛ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдЗрд╕ рдЖрдпреЛрдЬрди рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рд░рдкреЛрд░реЗрдЯ рдШрд░рд╛рдиреЗ рдХреНрдпреЛрдВ рдмрдврд╝ рдЪрдврд╝рдХрд░ рд╣рд┐рд╕реНрд╕рд╛ рд▓реЗ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИред


рдЧрдиреАрдордд рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдЖрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░рд┐рдХ рддреМрд░ рдкрд░ рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдХреЛ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреБрддреНрд╡рд╡рд╛рджрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рдЕрднреА рд╡рд┐рд╖реНрдгреБ рдХрд╛ рдЕрд╡рддрд╛рд░ рдШреЛрд╖рд┐рдд рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИредрдЧреМрддрдо рдмреБрджреНрдз рдХреЛ рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рдЙрдирдиреЗ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИред


рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреБрдпрд╛рдпреА рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдХреЛ рдмреЛрдзрд┐рд╕рддреНрд╡ рдмрддрд╛рдХрд░ рдЙрдирдХреА рдкреВрдЬрд╛ рдЖрд░рд╛рдзрдирд╛ рдХреЗ рдХрд░реНрдордХрд╛рдВрдб рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рд╖реНрдгрд╛рдд рд╣реИрдВ рддреЛ рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдХреЛ рдЕрд╡рддрд╛рд░ рд╕рд╛рдмрд┐рдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдХреЛрдИ рдЬреНрдпрд╛рджрд╛ рддрдХрд▓реАрдл рдирд╣реАрдВ рдЙрдард╛рдиреА рдкрдбрд╝реЗрдЧреА рд╣рд┐рдВрджреБрддреНрд╡рд╡рд╛рджрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛред


рдЕрдВрдмреЗрдбрдХрд░ рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдЕрднреА рдирд╣реАрдВ рдмрдиреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рд╡реАрд░ рд╕рд╛рд╡рд░рдХрд░ рдФрд░ рдЧрд╛рдВрдзреА рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛рд░реЗ рдЧреЛрдбрд╕реЗ рдХреА рддрд░рд╣,рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдирд░реЗрдВрджреНрд░ рдореЛрджреА рдХреЛ рдкреНрд░рдзрд╛рдирдордВрддреНрд░реА рдмрдирд╛рдХрд░ рд╕рдореВрдЪреЗ рдмрд╣реБрдЬрди рд╕рдорд╛рдЬ рдХреЛ рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреБрддреНрд╡ рдХреА рдкреИрджрд▓ рд╕реЗрдирд╛ рдореЗрдВ рддрдмреНрджреАрд▓ рдХрд░ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИ,рдЙрд╕ рдХрд╛рдордпрд╛рдмреА рдХреЗ рдорджреНрджреЗрдирдЬрд░ рд╕рдВрдШ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдЗрд╕ рд╕рдорд░рд╕рддрд╛ рдЕрднрд┐рдпрд╛рди рдХрд╛ рд╕рдорд╛рдорд╛рдЬрд┐рдХ рдЖрд╢рдп рдХреЛ рд╕рдордЭрд╛ рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИредрд░рд╛рдЬрдиреАрддрд┐рдХ рд╡реЛрдЯ рдмреИрдВрдХ рд╕рдореАрдХрд░рдг рддреЛ рд╕рд╛рдл рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕реЗ рд╕рдордЭрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреА рдЬрд░реБрд░рдд рднреА рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реИред


рдЬрд╛рд╣рд┐рд░ рд╕реА рдмрд╛рдд рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рд╕рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╡рд╛рдж рдХреЗ рд╢рд┐рдХрдВрдЬреЗ рдореЗрдВ рд╣реИрдВ рдмрд╣реБрдЬрдиреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдПрдХрдЪ рдорд╕реАрд╣рд╛,рдЙрдирдХреА рд░рд┐рд╣рд╛рдИ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╕рдВрдШ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рдФрд░ рдХрд╛рдВрдЧреНрд░реЗрд╕ рдХреА рддрд░реНрдЬ рдкрд░ рдЕрдВрдмреЗрдбрдХрд░ рдЬрдпрдВрддреА рди рдордирд╛рдХрд░ рдЙрдирдХреА рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рдзрд╛рд░рд╛,рдЙрдиреЗрдХ рдЬрд╛рддрд┐ рдЙрдиреНрдореВрд▓рди рдПрдЬрдВрдбрд╛ рдФрд░ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдЖрдВрджреЛрд▓рди рдХреА рдЬрдпрдВрддреА рдордирд╛рдпреЗрдВред


рд╣рд╛рд▓рд╛рдд рдпреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдХрд┐ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рдорд╣рд╛рд╕рднрд╛ рдХреА рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдЙрдкрд╛рдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рд╕рд╛рдзреНрд╡реА рджреЗрд╡рд╛ рдард╛рдХреБрд░ рдиреЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдореБрд╕рд▓рдорд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдФрд░ рдИрд╕рд╛рдЗрдпреЛрдВ рдХреА рдмрдврд╝рддреА рдЬрдирд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдХреЛ рджреЗрдЦрддреЗ рд╣реБрдП рдЗрд╕ рд╕рдореБрджрд╛рдп рдХреЗ рд▓реЛрдЧреЛрдВ рдХреА рдирд╕рдмрдВрджреА рдХрд░рд╛рдиреА рд╣реЛрдЧреА..


рднрд╛рд░рддрд╡рд░реНрд╖ рдХреА рдХреГрд╖рд┐ рдкреНрд░рдзрд╛рди рдЕрд░реНрдерд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдЬрдирд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдХреЛ рдорд╛рдирд╡ рд╕рдВрд╕рд╛рдзрди рдорд╛рдирд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИредрдмрд╛рд▓ рдореГрддреНрдпреБрджрд░ рдЕрдирд┐рдпрдВрддреНрд░рд┐рдд рд╣реЛрдиреЗ рдХреА рд╡рдЬрд╣ рд╕реЗ рдЦреЗрддреА рдкрд░ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд╣рд╛рдереЛрдВ рдХреА рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдмрдврд╝рдиреЗ рдХреА рдЧрд░рдЬ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рдмрд╣реБрдЬрдиреЛрдВ,рдЬрд┐рд╕рдореЗрдВ рдЕрд▓реНрдкрд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрдХ рднреА рд╣реИрдВ,рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдмрдЪреНрдЪреЗ рдкреИрджрд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреА рдореМрд▓рд┐рдХ рд╡рдЬрд╣ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИ,рдЬреЛ рд▓реЛрдХ рдкрд░рдВрдкрд░рд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рд╕рд╛рде рдзрд╛рд░реНрдорд┐рдХ рдЖрд╕реНрдерд╛рдУрдВ рд╕реЗ рдкреБрд╖реНрдЯ рд╣реЛрддреА рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИред


рд╣рдорд╛рд░реА рджрд╛рджреА рдмрдЪреНрдЪреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рд▓рд╛рдареА рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд░рддреА рдереАрдВредрдорддрд▓рдм рдпрд╣ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдЦреЗрдд рдХреЗ рджрдЦрд▓ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд▓рд╛рдард┐рдпрд╛рдВ рдмрд╣реБрдд рдирд┐рд░реНрдгрд╛рдпрдХ рд╣реИрдВредрдХрд╣рд╛рд╡рдд рднреА рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХреА рд▓рд╛рдареА рдЙрд╕рдХреА рднреИрдВрд╕ред


рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рдкреНрд░рдгрд╛рд▓реА рдХреЗ рд╕рд┐рд░реЗ рд╕реЗ рдмрджрд▓ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рдФрд░ рдХреГрд╖рд┐ рдЖрдЬреАрд╡рд┐рдХрд╛ рдХреЗ рд╣реА рдЧреИрд░ рдкреНрд░рд╛рд╕рдВрдЧрд┐рдХ рд╣реЛ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдЬрдирд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рд╡реГрджреНрдзрд┐ рдПрдХ рдмрдбрд╝реА рд╕рдорд╕реНрдпрд╛ рдмрди рдЧрдпреА рд╣реИред


рдЗрд╕ рд╕рдорд╕реНрдпрд╛ рдХреА рдЖрдбрд╝ рдореЗрдВ рдЧреНрд▓реЛрдмрд▓ рдЬрд╛рдпрдиреА рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рдмрд╛рдХрд╛рдпрджрд╛ рдЧреИрд░ рдирд╕реНрд▓реА рд▓реЛрдЧреЛрдВ рдХреА рдЬрдирд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдХреЗ рд╕рдлрд╛рдпреЗ рдореЗрдВ рд▓рдЧреА рд╣реИредрднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рдЗрдВрджрд┐рд░рд╛ рдЧрд╛рдВрдзреА рдиреЗ рдЖрдкрд╛рддрдХрд╛рд▓ рдХреЗ рджреМрд░рд╛рди рдЕрдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд░реНрдп рдирд╕рдмрдВрджреА рд╕реЗ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреБрддреНрд╡ рдХреЗ рдкреБрдирд░реВрддреНрдерд╛рди рдХреЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рдЪрд░рдг рдореЗрдВ рдЖрд░реНрдерд┐рдХ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдирд╡рдЙрджрд╛рд░рд╡рд╛рджреА рдмрд╣реБрдЬрдирд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзреА рдирд╕реНрд▓реА рдирд░рд╕рдВрд╣рд╛рд░ рдЕрд╢реНрд╡рдореЗрдз рд╕реЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рдЗрд╕реЗ рд╢реБрд░реБ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдерд╛ рдФрд░ рдЕрдм рд▓рдЧрддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рд╕рдВрдШ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рдХрд╛ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреБрддреНрд╡ рдмреНрд░рд┐рдЧреЗрдб рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕рдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░реЛрдмрд╛рд░реА рд░рд╛рдЬрдХрд╛рдЬ рдЗрд╕реЗ рдЕрдВрдЬрд╛рдо рджреЗрдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рд╣реИред


рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рдШрд░ рд╡рд╛рдкрд╕реА рдХрд╛ рдЕрд╕рд▓реА рдордХрд╕рдж рд╣рд┐рдВрджреБрддреНрд╡ рдХреЗ рд╢рд┐рдХрдВрдЬреЗ рд╕реЗ рдЫрд┐рдЯрдХрд░ рдирд┐рдХрд▓реЗ рдмрд╣реБрдЬрдиреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдлрд┐рд░ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреБрддреНрд╡ рдХреА рдирд░реНрдХ рдореЗрдВ рдХреИрдж рдХрд░рдирд╛ рд╣реИ,рд╡рд┐рдзрд░реНрдорд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдЦрд┐рд▓рд╛рдл рдЬрд┐рд╣рд╛рдж рдХреЗ рдмрддреМрд░редрд╡реИрд╕реЗ рд╣реА рд╡рд┐рдзрд░реНрдорд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреА рдирд╕рдмрдВрджреА рджрд░рдЕрд╕рд▓ рдмрд╣реБрдЬрдиреЛрдВ рдХреА рдЕрдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд░реНрдп рдирд╕рдмрдВрджреА рдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХреНрд░рдо рд╣реИред


рд╣рдо рдЖрдЧреЗ рдЗрд╕ рд╕рд┐рд▓рд╕рд▓реЗ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рдВрд╡рд╛рдж рдЬрд╛рд░реА рд░рдЦреЗрдВрдЧреЗред

рдлрд┐рд▓рд╣рд╛рд▓ рдлрд┐рд░ рджреЛрд╣рд░рд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реВрдВрдГ

рдореБрдХреНрддрдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░реА рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рд╕рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╡рд╛рджрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╢рд┐рдХрдВрдЬреЗ рдореЗ рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдмред

рдЙрдирдХреА рд░рд┐рд╣рд╛рдИ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╕рдВрдШрдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рдФрд░ рдХрд╛рдВрдЧреНрд░реЗрд╕ рдХреА рддрд░реНрдЬ рдкрд░ рдЕрдВрдмреЗрдбрдХрд░ рдЬрдпрдВрддреА рди рдордирд╛рдХрд░ рдЙрдирдХреА рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рдзрд╛рд░рд╛,рдЙрдиреЗрдХ рдЬрд╛рддрд┐ рдЙрдиреНрдореВрд▓рди рдПрдЬрдВрдбрд╛ рдФрд░ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдЖрдВрджреЛрд▓рди рдХреА рдЬрдпрдВрддреА рдордирд╛рдпреЗрдВред



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War Widows have the justice at last! Muhammad Kamaruzzaman executed for war crimes in Bangladesh. In India,War criminals remain the rulers and Justice denied for ever. Palash Biswas

тЙк Previous: рдореБрдХреНрддрдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░реА рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рд╕рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╡рд╛рджрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╢рд┐рдХрдВрдЬреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдмрд╛рдмрд╛рд╕рд╛рд╣реЗрдм рдЙрдирдХреА рд░рд┐рд╣рд╛рдИ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╕рдВрдШрдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рдФрд░ рдХрд╛рдВрдЧреНрд░реЗрд╕ рдХреА рддрд░реНрдЬ рдкрд░ рдЕрдВрдмреЗрдбрдХрд░ рдЬрдпрдВрддреА рди рдордирд╛рдХрд░ рдЙрдирдХреА рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рдзрд╛рд░рд╛,рдЙрдиреЗрдХ рдЬрд╛рддрд┐ рдЙрдиреНрдореВрд▓рди рдПрдЬрдВрдбрд╛ рдФрд░ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдЖрдВрджреЛрд▓рди рдХреА рдЬрдпрдВрддреА рдордирд╛рдпреЗрдВ рдкрд▓рд╛рд╢ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╛рд╕
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War Widows have the justice at last!


Muhammad Kamaruzzaman executed for war crimes in Bangladesh.

In India,War criminals remain the rulers and Justice denied for ever.


Palash Biswas

Bangladesh braced for protests and fresh violence as Bangladesh authorities on Saturday hanged a top Islamist leader,the infamous Sohagpur Killer for overseeing a massacre during the nation's 1971 independence war against Pakistan.Bangladesh was today put on alert fearing a possible backlash to the execution of top Jamaat-e- Islami leader Muhammad Kamaruzzaman for 1971 war crimes as thousands of people took to streets to applaud the move, amid fundamentalists' call for resistance.


Muhammad Kamaruzzaman has been executed at 10.30pm Bangladesh time (1630 GMT).Thus,Bangladesh executed a senior Islamist politician who was convicted of committing crimes against humanity during the country's war of independence more than 40 years ago. Muhammad Kamaruzzaman, 62 years old, was hanged ..


Kamaruzzaman was found guilty in May 2013 of crimes against humanity by Bangladesh's International Crimes Tribunal, a body set up by the ruling Awami League party in 2009 to investigate and prosecute crimes committed during the 1971 war.


Bangladesh Prime minister Mujib Kanya Begam Hasina Wajed faces the imminent threat for coup anytime.Every Bangladeshi secular and democratic face from anywhere has been included in the killing least.But Hasina has the political will which we miss in India since independence as the rule of law is still absent for almost seven decades.However,the victims of riots,Babri demolition,Sikh Genocide, Bhopal Gas Tragedies, Bihar killings,Gujarat Genocide,Marichjhapi have to have consolation to see that the war criminals are being hanged across the border.


Mind you,the initial trials that followed Bangladesh's independence four decades ago were halted after the assassination of Rahman, the then president, and most of his family members in a 1975 military coup. His daughter Hasina revived the process with the steelmade political will to ensure justice for the victims.


Dhaka Metropolitan Police Commissioner Asaduzzaman Mia confirmed bdnews24.com the 65-year-old was executed at Dhaka Central Jail at 10:01pm on Saturday.

People gathered at Shahbagh intersection burst into celebrations at the execution, shouting slogans and saying justice has finally been delivered.Kamaruzzaman's relatives at his ancestral home at Kumri Bajitkhila in Sherpur district's Sadar Upazila are prepared for his burial.

It should be noted that Political unrest and illiberal democratic environment in the country have dented private sector investment in recent months, said Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) yesterday.But Hasia did not care.She did not allow international intervention at the same time.The think-tank said sluggish reform activities, especially the institutional ones, have also hurt the confidence of the investors.


Death row war criminal Muhammad Kamaruzzaman opted not to seek presidential clemency, state minister for home said."The Dhaka jail authorities asked him several times whether he would seek mercy from the president, and he replied in the negative," Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal told The Daily Star.The revelation came hours after authorities of the Dhaka Central Jail, where the Jamaat-e-Islami assistant secretary general was kept, asked his family to meet him in the jail.With Kamaruzzaman's decision not to seek clemency, the last hurdle for the authorities to execute his death sentence тАУ awarded for his crimes against humanity committed during Bangladesh's Liberation War in 1971 тАУ was gone.


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рдЗрдЬрд╣рд╛рд░ рдХреА рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдЦреБрдлрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЧ рдХреА рднреВрдорд┐рдХрд╛ рдкрд░ рдЙрда рд░рд╣реЗ рд╕рд╡рд╛рд▓реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рджрдмрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо рдЙрдЬреНрдорд╛ рдХреЛ рдкрдХрдбрд╝рд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛- рд░рд┐рд╣рд╛рдИ рдордВрдЪ

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рдЗрдЬрд╣рд╛рд░ рдХреА рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдЦреБрдлрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЧ рдХреА рднреВрдорд┐рдХрд╛ рдкрд░ рдЙрда рд░рд╣реЗ рд╕рд╡рд╛рд▓реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рджрдмрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ
рд▓рд┐рдП рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо рдЙрдЬреНрдорд╛ рдХреЛ рдкрдХрдбрд╝рд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛- рд░рд┐рд╣рд╛рдИ рдордВрдЪ
рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо рдЙрдЬреНрдорд╛ рдХреЛ рдЕрдЧрд╡рд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдЧреБрдЬрд░рд╛рдд рдПрдЯреАрдПрд╕ рдХреЗ рдЦрд┐рд▓рд╛рдл рд╕рдкрд╛ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рджрд░реНрдЬ
рдХрд░рд╛рдП рдЕрдкрд╣рд░рдг рдХрд╛ рдореБрдХрджрдорд╛
рдпрд╢рд╕реНрд╡реА рдпрд╛рджрд╡ рдХрд╛ рдПрд╕рдПрд╕рдкреА рдкрдж рдкрд░ рдмрдиреЗ рд░рд╣рдирд╛ рд╢рд╣рд░ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рдореНрдкреНрд░рджрд╛рдпрд┐рдХ рд╕реМрд╣рд╛рд░реНрдж рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЦрддрд░рдирд╛рдХ

рд▓рдЦрдирдК 11 рдЕрдкреНрд░реЗрд▓ 2015ред рд░рд┐рд╣рд╛рдИ рдордВрдЪ рдиреЗ рдЗрдЬрд╣рд╛рд░ рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╛рдереА рдмрддрд╛рдХрд░ рдкрдХрдбрд╝реЗ рдЧрдП рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо
рдЙрдЬреНрдорд╛ рдХреА рдЧрд┐рд░рдлреНрддрд╛рд░реА рдХреЛ рдЕрд╡реИрдз рдмрддрд╛рддреЗ рд╣реБрдП рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЙрд╕реЗ рдЕрдкрд╣рд░рдгрдХрд░реНрддрд╛рдУрдВ рдХреА рддрд░рд╣
рдЙрдард╛ рд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдЧреБрдЬрд░рд╛рдд рдПрдЯреАрдПрд╕ рдХреЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдЦрд┐рд▓рд╛рдл рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЛ
рдЕрдкрд╣рд░рдг рдХрд╛ рдореБрдХрджрдорд╛ рджрд░реНрдЬ рдХрд░рд╛рдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рд┐рдПред рд╕рдВрдЧрдарди рдиреЗ рдЖрд░реЛрдк рд▓рдЧрд╛рдпрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо рдХреА
рдЧрд┐рд░рдлреНрддрд╛рд░реА рдЗрдЬрд╣рд╛рд░ рдФрд░ рдЪрд╛рд░ рдЕрдиреНрдп рдЖрддрдВрдХрд╡рд╛рдж рдХреЗ рдЖрд░реЛрдкрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреА рддреЗрд▓рдВрдЧрд╛рдирд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдХреА рдЧрдИ
рдлрд░реНрдЬреА рдореБрдарднреЗрдбрд╝ рдореЗрдВ рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛ рдкрд░ рдЙрда рд░рд╣реЗ рд╕рд╡рд╛рд▓реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рднрдЯрдХрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЦреБрдлрд┐рдпрд╛
рдПрдЬреЗрдВрд╕рд┐рдпрд╛рдВ рдиреЗ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИред

рд░рд┐рд╣рд╛рдИ рдордВрдЪ рдХреЗ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рдореЛрд╣рдореНрдордж рд╢реБрдРрдм рдиреЗ рдЬрд╛рд░реА рдмрдпрд╛рди рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо рдХреЛ
рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдШрд░ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рд╕реЗ рдЧреБрдЬрд░рд╛рдд рдПрдЯреАрдПрд╕ рдХреЗ рд╕рдлреЗрджрдкреЛрд╢ рд▓реЛрдЧреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рдЙрдард╛рдпрд╛ рдЬрд┐рдирдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде
рд╕реНрдерд╛рдиреАрдп рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдХрд╛ рднреА рдХреЛрдИ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реА рдирд╣реАрдВ рдерд╛ рдЬреЛ рд╡рд┐рдзрд┐ рд╡рд┐рд░реВрджреНрдз рд╣реИред рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ
рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рджреВрд╕рд░реЗ рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдп рдХреА рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдХреА рдЧрд┐рд░рдлреНрддрд╛рд░реА рдХреЗ рд╕рдордп рд╕реНрдерд╛рдиреАрдп
рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдХреА рдореМрдЬреВрджрдЧреА рдЬрд░реВрд░реА рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЗрд╕ рдорд╛рдорд▓реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдРрд╕рд╛ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ред
рд╡рд╣реАрдВ рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо рдХреЗ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рдХреЛ рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдЦрд┐рд▓рд╛рдл рдЖрд░реЗрд╕реНрдЯ рд╡рд╛рд░рдВрдЯ рднреА рдирд╣реАрдВ рджрд┐рдЦрд╛рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рдЬреЛ
рдкреВрд░реЗ рдорд╛рдорд▓реЗ рдХреЛ рдЕрдкрд╣рд░рдг рдХрд╛ рдХреЗрд╕ рдмрдирд╛ рджреЗрддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЬрд┐рд╕ рдкрд░ рдЙрддреНрддрд░ рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕
рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдЕрдкрд╣рд░рдг рдХрд╛ рдореБрдХрджрдорд╛ рдЬрд░реНрдж рди рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рдирд╛ рд╕рд╛рдмрд┐рдд рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рди рд╕рднрд╛
рдЪреБрдирд╛рд╡реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдЖрддрдВрдХрд╡рд╛рдж рдХреЗ рдЖрд░реЛрдк рдореЗрдВ рдмрдВрдж рдмреЗрдЧреБрдирд╛рд╣ рдореБрд╕реНрд▓рд┐рдо рдпреБрд╡рдХреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдЫреЛрдбрд╝рдиреЗ
рдХрд╛ рд╡рд╛рджрд╛ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдирд┐рднрд╛рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рд╕рдкрд╛ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдиреЗ рдЕрдм рдореБрд╕рд▓рдорд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдЖрддрдВрдХрд╡рд╛рдж рдХреЗ рдлрд░реНрдЬреА
рдореБрдХрджрдореЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдлрдВрд╕рд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдмрджрдирд╛рдо рдЧреБрдЬрд░рд╛рдд рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдХреЛ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдпрд╣рд╛рдВ рд╕реЗ рдореБрд╕рд▓рдорд╛рди
рдиреМрдЬрд╡рд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдЕрдЧрд╡рд╛ рдХрд░ рд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рдФрд░ рдлрдВрд╕рд╛рдиреЗ рдХреА рдЦреБрд▓реА рдЫреВрдЯ рджреЗ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ
рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЗрд╕ рдкреВрд░реЗ рдорд╛рдорд▓реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдПрд╕рдПрд╕рдкреА рдпрд╢рд╕реНрд╡реА рдпрд╛рджрд╡ рдХреА рдирд┐рд░рд╛рдзрд╛рд░ рдмрдпрд╛рдпрдирдмрд╛рдЬреА рднреА
рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдЗрд╕ рд╡реГрд╣рдж рдирд╛рдЯрдХ рдХрд╛ рд╣рд┐рд╕реНрд╕рд╛ рдмрдирд╛ рджреЗрддреА рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХреА рдЬрд╛рдВрдЪ рдХрд░рд╛рдИ рдЬрд╛рдиреА рдЪрд╛рд╣рд┐рдП
рдХреНрдпреЛрдВрдХрд┐ рд╡реЗ рд▓рдЧрд╛рддрд╛рд░ рдореАрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЗ рдЬрд░рд┐рдП рд╢рд╣рд░ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рд┐рдореА рдХреЗ рдХрдерд┐рдд рдиреЗрдЯрд╡рд░реНрдХ рдХреА рдЕрдлрд╡рд╛рд╣
рдлреИрд▓рд╛рдХрд░ рдореБрд╕рд▓рдорд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдкреИрджрд╛ рдХрд░ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣реИрдВред

рдореЛрд╣рдореНрдордж рд╢реБрдПрдм рдиреЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдкрд┐рдЫрд▓реЗ рджрд╕ рджрд┐рди рдореЗрдВ рдРрд╕рд╛ рдорд╛рд╣реМрд▓ рдмрдирд╛ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИ рдЬреИрд╕реЗ
рд▓рдЧрддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рд░рд╛рдЬрдзрд╛рдиреА рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдореБрд╕рд▓рдорд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдлрдВрд╕рд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдмрджрдирд╛рдо рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдбреАрдЬреА
рд╡рдВрдЬрд╛рд░рд╛ рдХреЗ рдЕрдзреАрди рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИ рдЬреЛ рд▓реВрдЯ рдФрд░ рдбрдХреИрддреА рддрдХ рдХреЛ рд╕рд┐рдореА рд╕реЗ рдЬреЛрдбрд╝ рдХрд░
рдореБрд╕рд▓рдорд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдЦрд┐рд▓рд╛рдл рдмрд╣реБрд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрдХ рд╕рдорд╛рдЬ рдХреЛ рдЦрдбрд╝рд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдкрд░ рддреБрд▓реА рд╣реИред рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ
рдпрд╢рд╕реНрд╡реА рдпрд╛рджрд╡ рдХреЛ рд╢рд╣рд░ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рдореНрдкреНрд░рджрд╛рдпрд┐рдХ рд╕реМрд╣рд╛рд░реНрдж рдХреЛ рдмрдЪрд╛рдП рд░рдЦрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рддрддреНрдХрд╛рд▓
рдирд┐рд▓рдВрдмрд┐рдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреА рдорд╛рдВрдЧ рдХреЛ рджреЛрд╣рд░рд╛рддреЗ рд╣реБрдП рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЧ рдХреЗ рдЖрд▓рд╛
рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдПрдЯреАрдПрдо рд▓реВрдЯ рдХрд╛рдВрдб рдкрд░ рдпрд╢рд╕реНрд╡реА рдпрд╛рджрд╡ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рд╕рд┐рдореА рдПрдВрдЧрд▓ рджрд┐рдП
рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреА рд╕рд╛рд░реНрд╡рдЬрдирд┐рдХ рдирд┐рдВрджрд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд╡рдЬреВрдж рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдкрдж рдкрд░ рдмрдиреЗ рд░рд╣рдирд╛ рд╕рд╛рдмрд┐рдд рдХрд░рддрд╛
рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рд╡реЗ рд╕рдкрд╛ рдореБрдЦрд┐рдпрд╛ рдореБрд▓рд╛рдпрдо рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдпрд╛рджрд╡ рдХреЗ рдХреБрдирдмреЗ рд╕реЗ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдирдЬрджреАрдХреА рдХреЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдг
рд╣реА рди рд╕рд┐рд░реНрдл рдкрдж рдкрд░ рдмрдиреЗ рд╣реБрдП рд╣реИрдВ рдмрд▓реНрдХрд┐ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдЗрд╢рд╛рд░реЗ рдкрд░ рд╣реА рдбрдХреИрддреА рдХреА рдШрдЯрдирд╛ рдХреЛ
рднреА рд╕рд╛рдореНрдкреНрд░рджрд╛рдпрд┐рдХ рд░рдВрдЧ рджреЗ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣реИрдВред

рд░рд┐рд╣рд╛рдИ рдордВрдЪ рдиреЗрддрд╛ рдЕрдирд┐рд▓ рдпрд╛рджрд╡ рдиреЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо рдХреА рдЧрд┐рд░рдлреНрддрд╛рд░реА рдХреА рд╡рдЬрд╣ рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕
рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдЦрд┐рд▓рд╛рдл 2007 рдореЗрдВ рдЕрд╣рдорджрд╛рдмрд╛рдж рдореЗрдВ рдореБрдХрджрдорд╛ рд╣реЛрдирд╛ рдФрд░ рдЧреИрд░рдЬрдорд╛рдирддреА рд╡рд╛рд░рдВрдЯ рд╣реЛрдирд╛
рдмрддрд╛ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИред рдЬрд┐рд╕ рдкрд░ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╛рд╕ рдЗрд╕рд▓рд┐рдП рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЙрд╕реЗ рдХрднреА рднреА рдЗрд╕
рдорд╛рдорд▓реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдХреЛрд░реНрдЯ рд╕реЗ рдХреЛрдИ рднреА рд╕рдорди рдирд╣реАрдВ рдорд┐рд▓рд╛ рдерд╛ рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕рд╕реЗ рдХрднреА рднреА рдЗрд╕ рдореБрдХрджрдореЗрдВ
рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЧреБрдЬрд░рд╛рдд рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдиреЗ рд╕рдореНрдкрд░реНрдХ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдерд╛ред рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдкреВрдЫрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЕрдЧрд░
рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо рдХреЗ рдЦрд┐рд▓рд╛рдл рдХреЛрдИ рдореБрдХрджрдорд╛ рдерд╛ рддреЛ рдлрд┐рд░ рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рд░реНрд╡рдЬрдирд┐рдХ рдЬреАрд╡рди рдореЗрдВ рд╣реЛрдиреЗ рдХреЗ
рдмрд╛рд╡рдЬреВрдж рдЙрд╕реЗ рдЧреБрдЬрд░рд╛рдд рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдиреЗ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдВреЗ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдкрдХрдбрд╝рд╛, рдХреНрдпрд╛ рдЧреБрдЬрд░рд╛рдд рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ
рдХрдерд┐рдд рд╕рд╛рдереА рдЗрдЬрд╣рд╛рд░ рдХреА рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд╛ рдЗрдВрддрдЬрд╛рд░ рдХрд░ рд░рд╣реА рдереА рдХрд┐ рдЙрд╕реЗ рдорд╛рд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рд╣реА
рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо рдХреЛ рдкрдХрдбрд╝реЗрдЧреА? рд░рд┐рд╣рд╛рдИ рдордВрдЪ рдиреЗрддрд╛ рдиреЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЗрди рд╕рд╡рд╛рд▓реЛрдВ рдХреА рдХрдбрд┐рд╝рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛ
рдЬреЛрдбрд╝рдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдпрд╣ рд╕рд╛рдл рд╣реЛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо рдХреА рдЕрд╡реИрдз рдЧрд┐рд░рдлреНрддрд╛рд░реА рдЗрдЬрд╣рд╛рд░ рдХреА
рд╣рд┐рд░рд╛рд╕рддреА рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛ рдХреЛ рдЬрд╛рдпрдЬ рдард╣рд░рд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдХреА рдЧрдИ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдпрд╣ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдирд╛рдЯрдХ рдЦреБрдлрд┐рдпрд╛
рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЧ рд╕рдВрдЪрд╛рд▓рд┐рдд рдХрд░ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИред

рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЧреБрдЬрд░рд╛рдд рдкреБрд▓рд┐рд╕ рдФрд░ рдЦреБрдлрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЧ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рддрд░ рдореАрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЗ
рдЬрд░рд┐рдП рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо рдХреЗ рдЦрд┐рд▓рд╛рдл рдирд┐рд░рд╛рдзрд╛рд░ рдЦрдмрд░реЗрдВ рдлреИрд▓рд╛рдирд╛ рдЙрд╕рдХреА рдЕрд╡реИрдз рдЧрд┐рд░рдлреНрддрд╛рд░реА рдкрд░ рдЙрда рд░рд╣реЗ
рд╕рд╡рд╛рд▓реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рджрдмрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреА рдХреЛрд╢рд┐рд╢ рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд╣ рдХреБрдЫ рдЕрдЦрдмрд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╣рд╛рд░рд╛ рд▓реЗ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИ
рдЬреЛ рдмрд┐рдирд╛ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдиреНрдпрд╛рдпрдкрд╛рд▓рд┐рдХрд╛ рдХреЗ рдлреИрд╕рд▓реЗ рдХреЗ рд╣реА рдЗрдЬрд╣рд╛рд░ рдФрд░ рд╣рд╛рд╢рд┐рдо рдХреЛ рдЖрддрдВрдХреА рдмрддрд╛ рдХрд░
рдЙрд╕рдХрд╛ рдореАрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЯреНрд░рд╛рдпрд▓ рдХрд░ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИрдВред рддрд╛рдХрд┐ рдЙрд╕рдХреА рдЫрд╡рд┐ рдПрдХ рдЦреВрдВрдЦрд╛рд░ рдЖрддрдВрдХреА рдХреА рдмрдирд╛рдИ
рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХреЗ рдФрд░ рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рдЕрд▓рдЧ-рдерд▓рдЧ рдкрдбрд╝ рдЬрд╛рдПред рдЬреЛ рдЦреБрдлрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЧ рдХреА рдкреБрд░рд╛рдиреА
рдЖрдкрд░рд╛рдзрд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрд╢реИрд▓реА рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИред

рд░рд┐рд╣рд╛рдИ рдордВрдЪ рдиреЗрддрд╛ рдиреЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдореАрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЛ рдЖрддрдВрдХрд╡рд╛рдж рдХреЗ рдЖрд░реЛрдк рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рд░реНрджреЛрд╖реЛрдВ рдХреЛ
рдлрдВрд╕рд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдмрджрдирд╛рдо рд╣реЛ рдЪреБрдХреА рдЦреБрдлрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЧ рдХреА рд╕рд╛рдореНрдкреНрд░рджрд╛рдпрд┐рдХ рд░рд╛рдЬрдиреАрддрд┐ рдХрд╛
рд╢рд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рд╣реЛрдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдмрдЪрддреЗ рд╣реБрдП рдЕрдкрдиреА рдкреЗрд╢реЗрд╡рд░ рдореВрд▓реНрдпреЛрдВ рд╕реЗ рд╕рдордЭреМрддрд╛ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд░рдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рд┐рдПред

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