मित्रवर

Hind Samay <mgahv@hindisamay.in>

साठोत्तरी पीढ़ी के प्रमुख कथाकार महेंद्र भल्ला का पिछले दिनों निधन हो गया। एक तरल बहती हुई भाषा में बेहद अंडरटोन में लिखी गई उनकी कहानियाँ हों या कि एक पति के नोट्स जैसा चर्चित उपन्यास हो उन्हें पढ़ना हमेशा एक शानदार अनुभव रहा। 'एक पति के नोट्स' उनकी सबसे चर्चित कृति जरूर रही पर इसका एक बड़ा खामियाजा यह हुआ कि इस सब के नीचे प्रवासी स्थितियों पर उनकी उपन्यास त्रयी 'उड़ने से पेश्तर', 'दूसरी तरफ' तथा 'दो देश और तीसरी उदासी' जैसे बेहद महत्वपूर्ण रचनात्मक काम पर कभी कोई चर्चा ही नहीं हुई। इस बार हिंदी समय (http://www.hindisamay.com) पर प्रस्तुत हैं उनकी पाँच कहानियाँ - आगे, बदरंग, कुत्तेगीरी, तीन चार दिन और पुल की परछाईं। कभी देवीशंकर अवस्थी ने लिखा था कि उनके 'यहाँ वस्तुतः कहानी के माध्यम से यथार्थ की खोज है - खोज तो गहन प्रश्नाकुलता से संबंधित है। यह भी कहना चाहूँगा कि सचाई की खोज एक श्रेष्ठतर कलाशिल्प की खोज भी है। दोनों वस्तुतः एक ही हैं। जिस मानवीय समस्या को उठाया जाता है उसी के अनुरूप कलाशिल्प को भी होना चाहिए। महेंद्र भल्ला ने इस शिल्प की खोज की चेष्टा की है और दूर तक इसमें सफल भी हुए हैं।' 

गाब्रिएल गार्सिया मार्केज विश्व के महानतम लेखकों में शुमार किए जाते हैं। दूसरी तरफ क्यूबा के लोकप्रिय क्रांतिकारी नेता फिदल कास्त्रो भी कम चर्चा में नहीं रहे हैं। यहाँ पढ़ें मार्खेज का फिदल कास्त्रो पर लिखा गया रेखाचित्र फिदल कास्त्रो। अनुवाद किया है चर्चित कवि-पत्रकार शिवप्रसाद जोशी ने। संस्मरण के अंतर्गत पढ़ें चर्चित कथाकार अखिलेश का संस्मरणभूगोल की कला। चर्चित आलोचक मदन सोनी ने हिंदी उपन्यास का एक बहसतलब जायजा हिंदी उपन्यास की अल्पता पर कुछ ऊहापोह शीर्षक से किया है तो मीराँ साहित्य के गंभीर अध्येता माधव हाड़ा मीराँ के संदर्भ में एक नई दृष्टि लेकर आए हैं मीराँ का कैननाइजेशन में। विशेष के अंतर्गत पढ़ें पल्लवी प्रसाद का बहसतलब आलेख ग़ालिब के गलत अनुवाद। आलोचना के अंतर्गत पढ़ें समकालीन कहानी पर युवा आलोचक राकेश बिहारी के दो आलेख भविष्य के प्रति आश्वस्त करती कहानियाँ और बेचैनी और विद्रोह के बीच एक सामाजिक विमर्श। पुस्तक संस्कृति के अंतर्गत पढ़ें महेश्वर का लेख एक दिन किताबों के लिए भी। सिनेमा के अंतर्गत पढ़ें युवा कथाकार विमल चंद्र पांडेय का आलेख कोई भी सच अंतिम नहीं होता : कानून। और अंत में कविताओं के अंतर्गत पढ़ें कुमार विक्रम, आरसी चौहान, धीरज श्रीवास्तव, शरद आलोक और रवींद्र स्वप्निल प्रजापति की कविताएँ। साथ में जनपदीय हिंदी के अंतर्गत पढ़ें  भोजपुरी के चर्चित कवि प्रकाश उदय की कविताएँ।

Dalits Media Watch

News Updates 15.08.15

Our Appeal ! Please Contribute !

Unfortunately we are still long far from our immediately need of resources which ensure to restore our all the activities.

We also need attention and affirmative action from all friends and concerns to ensure/ find out some way for regular support to PMARC which ensure continue all the activities without any resources crunch.

Only our collective effort may make it possible. It is a challenge before each one of us as equal stake holder of PMARC.

·         Dalits stopped from offering holy water in temple - The Times Of India

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Dalits-stopped-from-offering-holy-water-in-temple/articleshow/48492605.cms

·         HOW THE FARMER DIES - Tehelka

http://www.tehelka.com/2015/08/how-the-farmer-dies/?singlepage=1

·         PM Modi urges banks to give loans to dalits, tribals for start-ups - DNA

http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-pm-modi-urges-banks-to-give-loans-to-dalits-tribals-for-start-ups-2114618

·         'Utilise funds under SC/ST sub-plans' - The Hindu

HTTP://WWW.THEHINDU.COM/NEWS/NATIONAL/KARNATAKA/UTILISE-FUNDS-UNDER-SCST-SUBPLANS/ARTICLE7543665.ECE

Please Watch:

Pakistan And India Partition 1947 - The Day India Burned - by roothmens

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ppMJGxcFACg&list=PLTySVWJcnc9VYdA7rhj7Vd7Go1FVreNDg&index=4

Is India's Caste System Still Alive?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyCQDIwHlXY

Note : Please find attachment for DMW Hindi (PDF)

The Times Of India

Dalits stopped from offering holy water in temple

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Dalits-stopped-from-offering-holy-water-in-temple/articleshow/48492605.cms

TNN | Aug 15, 2015, 11.30 AM IST

CHANDIGARH: Dalit families of Dimdwad village in Safidon subdivision held a protest outside the SDM's office in Jind on Friday, alleging they were stopped from offering holy water at a temple on Shivratri. They also submitted a memorandum in this regard.

Assuring action in the matter, SDM Balraj Jakhar urged the protesting men to maintain communal harmony till the issue was sorted out.

The incident occurred on Wednesday, when some Dimdwad villagers went to the village temple with Ganga water, which their friend had brought from Haridwar, and were stopped by the priest and upper caste men. They were forced to go to a temple in Badod village to complete the ritual.

"This is really shocking. We will ask the SDM to take appropriate action in case if the allegations are found to be true. We will not allow any law and order problem in the area," said Jind deputy commissioner Ajit Balaji Joshi.

Tehelka

HOW THE FARMER DIES

http://www.tehelka.com/2015/08/how-the-farmer-dies/?singlepage=1

Nidheesh J Villatt writes on the vicious cycle that tightens the noose around the farmer's neck across the Indian countryside

NIDHEESH J VILLATT

He was humiliated and dehumanised. He wrote four suicide notes before killing himself. One was in his pocket, another under the pillow and one more was lying on the floor of the room. The fourth and the most disturbing one was scribbled on the wall of the room. It was probably written during his last moments," says Suman Devi, a landless Dalit peasant from Dinod village of Bhiwani district inHaryana whose husband Madan Pal who committed suicide on 7 May.

Showing the photograph of Madan's final farewell note on the wall, Suman says, "He was passionate about farming." The graffiti reads like this: "Bhaiyon, mein bura nahi tha… inn logon ne bana diya (Brothers, I wasn't bad but they turned me into that)." Following that is a list of the names of the moneylenders who harassed him.

Suman was in Delhi to attend a national convention of the family members of thefarmers who committed suicide. The convention was organised by All India Kisan Sabha (aiks) to "protest against neoliberal economic policies unleashed by central and state governments that are pushing farmers to suicide".

The life and struggles of this Dalit couple, punctuated by the untimely death of the husband, is a slap on the face of the Narendra Modi government, whose Agriculture Minister Radha Mohan Singh infamously declared that "impotency and love affairs" are significant causes of the distress suicides that are ravaging the Indian countryside. Going by the logic of the Modi regime and State agencies such as the National Crime Records Bureau (ncrb), Madan's death may not be a "farm suicide". Of course, like most Dalits in India, Madan, too, was landless. But does that mean Dalits are not doing farming and they are not committing suicide because of agrarian distress? Mandarins in the Niti Aayog (which has replaced the erstwhile Planning Commission) and ncrb would say yes. So, are they right?

Official statistics on suicides exclude the most oppressed sections of the peasantry — tenant farmers, sharecroppers, women farmers (In India, land titles are mostly in the name of the men) — even if they had been tilling land for years. Formal credit agencies such as banks do not give credit to tenant farmers because most tenancy contracts are oral, with no formal documents. And the deep structural inequalities prevailing in India ensure that a disproportionate number of tenants and sharecroppers belong to the lower castes.

Take the case of the Madan, who had leased in 10 acres of farm land at an annual rent of 20,000 per acre. He borrowed from three local sahukars (moneylenders) at interest rates ranging from 36 percent yearly to very high monthly rates. In these parts of Haryana, you have to pay back 1 percent of the loan to the moneylender every day. Madan had been doing this meticulously until bad luck came in the form of the hailstorm this summer. His entire crop was damaged, but he did not get a single penny as compensation. Fed up with the constant humiliation by the moneylenders, Madan hanged himself to death.

"We voted for the bjp in the Lok Sabha and Assembly elections last year. But none of their leaders visited us," says Suman.

Or take the case of the Ramendra Sharma from Pachoria village in Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh. His father Devendra was regarded among fellow villagers as a model farmer, who died of a heart attack after severe hailstorm destroyed crops in the village and "even the buffaloes won't touch the damaged wheat". "On 19 March, Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan visited our village with a huge contingent from the media in tow," recalls Ramendra. "He promised 'immediate relief' and 'personal attention' to address the crisis. He also took my father to the fields and made him pose for photos. The CM's public realtions machinery ensured that news, photos and visuals of this visit was played up in the regional media. But no relief reached us and my father died heartbroken in the first week of the April. I was outraged and decided to expose the duplicity of the government. When the local media noticed, a meagre amount, much less than what the cm had promised, was released as compensation."

With debts piling up and the moneylenders' hands at their throat, the Sharma family had to sell off their agricultural equipment and land. "My father always insisted that we should do farming. But what other option do we have now?" asks Ramendra.

Hailing from a remote village in Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh, Grandh, a Jatav Dalit farmer whose younger brother Janved killed himself in February after losing their crop to the hailstorm, rues that no matter how bad things get, quitting farming is not an option for people like them. "We have the title deeds to some land, but upper-caste landlords have encroached upon it," says Grandh, "So, to make ends meet, we are forced to take land on lease from the same people and also borrow money from them or their relatives. We have no other way to fill our bellies because Dalits like us are denied access to the PDS (Public Distribution System) in our village."

aiks activist Rajeev Dikshit points out that "feudal lords in these parts cannot stomach the idea of Dalits owning land and doing farming without depending on them. This historical discrimination becomes lethal when it is combined with the anti-farmer policies of the government." It is not easy for marginal and small farmers to get cheap institutional credit under the government's Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme. "If you are determined to get a card made under this scheme, you will only wear off the soles of your shoes. Bank managers won't let you benefit from the scheme until you pay them a commission ranging from 10 percent to 25 percent of the loan you seek."

Some other marginal farmers from Bhind claim to have paid exorbitant interest to moneylenders for getting loans to pay commissions to bank officials. "The same bank that refuses to give loans for agriculture is generous to the rural rich when it comes to giving loans for setting up petrol pumps or buying cars," says Dikshit. "It seems that the agrarian crisis comes in handy for the rural rich and the bureaucrats to further marginalise the rural poor. By next year, several marginal landholdings in our place would be sold out at distress prices."

Om Prakash, an Adivasi farmer from Rajasthan who lost his younger brother, Premshanker, in similar circumstances, complains that the BJP led state government has been burying its head in the sand on the issue of farm suicides.

In Maharashtra, another BJP-ruled state notorious for distress suicides, "the families of victims have to fight a prolonged battle with the government to get the death classified as distress suicide", says Vicky Vadgedge, a teenager who lost his father Manohar in July. Maharashtra witnessed 45 percent of the total farm suicides in the country in 2014.

Farm suicides are not confined to BJP ruled states alone. "All states that implement neoliberal policies in agriculture are witnessing massive distress suicides. While governments at the Centre and the states are busy implementing pro-corporate policies, they have even been accused of fudging data to show that suicides have come down. The number of farmer suicides has come down in the NCRB's recent suicide data, while the number of 'others' who committed suicide has risen exponentially, even more than 100 percent in states such as Andhra Pradesh," says aiks leader Vijoo Krishnan.

Cut to Congress-ruledKarnataka to understand the policy roots of the crisis. AIKS  activists have estimated that there were 211 farm suicides in the past two months in the state. The crisis is clearly visible in the sugar belt, including Mandya district, and those districts where sericulture is a prominent form of cash farming. Anti-farmer import policies, price fluctuations, lack of minimum support price (MSP) and specific policies that help industrialists who own sugar mills are accentuating the plight of the marginal sugar farmers. It is manifested in violent forms of suicide such as that of Ninge Gowda, who set fire to his sugarcane field and burned himself to death.

Moving on to Telangana, where loan waivers to farmers was a major pre-election promise on which K Chandrashekar Rao and his TRS rode to power. Family members of the victims point out that since the government failed to fulfill the promise, now the banks are bluntly refusing to issue fresh loans. "Farmers have to depend on moneylenders. If the crop fails, then you have to face their terror," says Adivasi farmer P Mangalamma, whose husband Sreenivas committed suicide after the moneylenders threatened him.

Other southern states such as Tamil Nadu and Kerala are also witnessing the crisis, though in a somewhat lesser magnitude than Telangana, Andhra Pradesh andKarnataka. Tenant farmers who lease in irrigated fertile lands in the Cauvery belt seem to be the worst affected in Tamil Nadu. Because of the high lease rate, crop failure can seriously impact tenant farmers.

By official estimates, there were more than 3.5 lakh farm suicides in the post reform period. Critical academic studies that debunk the conservative nature of official statistics estimate the actual number of farm suicides to be much higher. According to data furnished by the National Statistical Office, there has been a 26 percent increase in the suicide rate after the BJP under Modi took power in NewDelhi. Despite this unprecedented human tragedy, the ruling classes are competing with each other to somehow gloss over the crisis, while some leaders say that farmers commit suicide because they are greedy for compensation. What can be more insensitive than that?

DNA

PM Modi urges banks to give loans to dalits, tribals for start-ups

http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-pm-modi-urges-banks-to-give-loans-to-dalits-tribals-for-start-ups-2114618

Saturday, 15 August 2015 - 9:45am IST | Place: Mumbai | Agency: dna webdesk

PM Modi also asked banks to give loans to women entrepreneurs to boost start-up network in India.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, while delivering his speech on the 69th Independence Day celebration, said that India should emerge as the start-up revolution in India.

For this, he urged banks to aid the movement. Modi said that each of the 1.25 lakh bank branches in India should contribute to this revolution by giving a loan to atleast one dalit or tribal person to help them set up a start-up.  

He said, by doing this, India can give start-ups a new dimension. 

India should be number 1 in start-ups, the Prime Minister said. 

 Modi said that he wanted start-ups to come up in all parts of India.  He also urged banks to support women in their start-up ventures. 

Meanwhile, Modi vowed to work relentlessly towards eliminating corruption from the nation, and added that his government has also taken several steps to address the issue of black money.

Har zulm ko sehkar bhrastachaar ke khilaaf kaam karta rahoonga (I will go to any extent to end corruption)... It has been 15 months now since we formed the government, there has been no accusation of corruption of even one rupee,? Prime Minister Modi said in his second Independence Day address from the ramparts of the 17th-century built Red Fort.

Paying tribute to the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi at Rajghat before arriving at the Red Fort for his second Independence Day address to the nation as Prime Minister, Modi said that the poison of casteism and communalism has no place in India and we have to defeat these through development.

Extending his heartfelt greetings to the nation, Modi said during his nearly 90-minute long speech that August 15 should always be seen as a morning of hope of the dreams and aspirations of 125 crore Indians.

The Hindu

'Utilise funds under SC/ST sub-plans'

HTTP://WWW.THEHINDU.COM/NEWS/NATIONAL/KARNATAKA/UTILISE-FUNDS-UNDER-SCST-SUBPLANS/ARTICLE7543665.ECE

SATISH G.T.

Pro-Dalit organisations have condemned the Hassan district administration for not utilising funds provided under the Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan and Tribal Sub-Plan in toto . In 2014-15, Rs. 44.12 crore remained unutilised in the district.

The Karnataka Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan and Tribal Sub-Plan Act was passed in 2013.

Based on information received from an RTI application filed by Mari Joseph, State convener of the Dalit Vimochane Manava Hakkugala Vedike, the government had released Rs. 107.47 crore under the Castes Sub-Plan (SCP) and Rs. 19.02 crore under the Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) in the district. Mr. Joseph told presspersons here on Friday that the Tourism Department had not spent even one rupee of the Rs. 52 lakh released. Similarly, the Medical Education Department had not spent the Rs. 6.24 crore it received. "The Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences was provided Rs. 6.24 crore for expenditure towards treatment of patients belonging to Scheduled Castes. The entire amount remained unutilised," he said.

Hooraja, leader of the Hakki-Pikki, a tribal community, said the funds were provided for welfare of the downtrodden people. "If the amount is not utilised, how will they get the benefits,", he questioned. N.R. Purushottam, District Social Welfare officer, told The Hindu said that a meeting had been convened to review the expenses made in 2014-15 under the chairmanship of the Deputy Commissioner on August 19.

News monitored by AMRESH & AJEET

Saluting Courage: Memorial for Vasant Rajab

Ram Puniyani

Gujarat violence (2002) was horrific. In this, after the burning of train in Godhra in which 58 innocents died, the same tragedy was made the pretext to launch the massive violence in which over one thousand people perished. In the aftermath of that I got many occasions to visit different parts of Gujarat and also to come to know about two legendary youth who had laid down their life to protect the people when the communal violence was going on in Ahmadabad in July 1946. These two young men, Vasant Rao Hegishte and Rajab Ali Lakhani, close friends and workers of Congress Seva Dal, came to the streets to stop the killings. Vasant Rao trying to protect Muslims and Rajab Ali stood firm to save the Hindus. Both were done to death by the mobs.

The activists in Gujarat started celebrating 1^st July as the day of communal harmony. Recognizing this fact government in Gujarat has raised a memorial in their memory, Bandhutva Smarak (Brotherhood Memorial). In the news of coverage of this program what struck me was that while Vasant Rao's relatives were present for the program, the relatives of Rajab Ali were not there.

The acts of violence continued in the country after 1946 with increasing intensity. Relatives of Rajab Ali were targeted in the subsequent violence to the extent that first they started concealing their relationship with Rajab Ali, then started assuming Hindu names and finally some of them not only adopted Hindu religion, but also migrated to Canada and US! The person who stood for the amity of religious communities must not have envisaged that while he stood for such noble values, his own kin will be subject of attack by the divisive elements. This also reflects the trajectory of events where in India the Hindu-Muslim violence led to the condition where Muslims started feeling insecure. This in turn led ghettoisation. Today the percentage of religious minorities as the victim of communal violence is number of times more than their percentage in population. The ministry of Home affairs data of 1991, quoted by researches show that while Muslims were 12 odd percent in population then, they formed over 80% as the victims of communal violence.

In the aftermath of Gujarat violence one also saw that while a large number of prominent Hindus and Muslims were part of peace efforts, at the level also activists of both communities came forward for peace efforts. Today with the new Government in power the number of communal incidents has gone up by 25% right in just one year. The overall direction of the intercommunity relations is on trial and the fate of peace maker Rajab Ali's kin is a sad reminder of the state of affairs.

Communal violence, violence in the name of religion, has been the cancerous phenomenon, which came into being with the colonial policies of British, policy of 'divide and rule'. They introduced communal historiography where the religion of king became the central marker of his rule and his major policies related to taxation were down played. Kingdoms' central focus of power and wealth was substituted by 'religious identity' and this was picked up by communal organizations. These communal organizations remained aloof from freedom movement and did their best in spreading hate against the 'other' religious community. Communal clashes began and there by a 'social common sense', which looks down on the other community; became the norm. The prevalence of myths, stereotypes, biases against minorities came in handy for the practitioners of communal politics in instigating the violence. The conclusions of investigation of communal violence and lately Yale University study tells us that, the areas where the violence takes place, the instigating communal organization becomes electorally strong and that's what we are witnessing in India today. Climbing the ladder of violence the communal organizations come to the seat of power.

With increasing violence many a leaders voiced their concern for peace and amity. Gandhi and his close associates were the main force for promoting amity, Hindu Muslim Unity being the central credo of Gandhi's politics. Notwithstanding that; violence went on rising in intensity and people like Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi went to the extent of laying down their lives to quell the riots, to save the innocents', that's what the victims of communal violence are.

Today we are in a phase where the violence has changed its form; from the massive bloody phenomenon to sub-radar actions where the minorities get intimidated on some issue of mosque or a church or eating beef or some other social practice. The major goal of communal forces is to polarize the communities along the religious lines.

What would a Gandhi have done in such a scenario? Many an experiments in peace have been floated, Mohalla Committees (Area level intercommunity committee), Shanti Sena (Peace Army), Awareness programs about need for harmony, interfaith dialogues, intercommunity celebration of religious festivals, promotion of films on harmony, Kabir Festivals have been popular amongst others. Social activists have also focused on getting justice for the victims of violence and promoting people to come together for programs cutting across religious lines. How to undo the ghettoization, how to create an awareness for amity overcoming negative perceptions does remain a challenge today, greater than ever before. The issue needs to be addressed to ensure that the likes of Rajab Ali's kin do not have to hide or change their identity.

मेरा देश एक उदार भारत है – प्रियदर्शन

WAKE UP CALL – Humans have already used up 2015's supply of Earth's resources

Earth 'overshoot day'– the day each year when our demands on the planet outstrip its ability to regenerate – comes six days earlier than 2014, with world's population currently consuming the equivalent of 1.6 planets a year

 The world's population currently consumes the equivalent of 1.6 planets a year, according to analysis by the Global Footprint Network. Photograph: NASA

Emma Howard

@EmmaEHoward

Wednesday 12 August 2015 22.00 BSTLast modified on Wednesday 12 August 2015 22.21 BST

• Humans have exhausted a year's supply of natural resources in less than eight months, according to an analysis of the demands the world's population are placing on the planet.

The Earth's "overshoot day" for 2015, the point at which humanity goes into ecological debt, will occur on Thursday six days earlier than last year, based on an estimate by the Global Footprint Network (GFN).

The date is based on a comparison of humanity's demands – in terms of carbon emissions, cropland, fish stocks, and the use of forests for timber – with the planet's ability to regenerate such resources and naturally absorb the carbon emitted. That implies the excess demands being placed on natural systems are doing more permanent harm that cannot be easily undone.

The GFN estimates that human consumption first began to exceed the Earth's capacity in the early 1970s and the overshoot day has been falling steadily earlier ever since, due to the growth in the global population alongside the expansion of consumption around the world.

Mathis Wackernagel, president of the GFN told the Guardian: "The big problem is not that our deficit is getting bigger, it is that it cannot be maintained in the long-run. Even though we are in a deficit equation we are not taking measures to take us in the right direction. The problem is psychological – somehow we are missing this basic physical law. It is obvious to children, but for 98% of economic planners it is a minor risk not worth our attention. In the end the question is – does it matter to the government?"

The GFN estimate that the world's population currently consumes the equivalent of 1.6 planets. This figure should rise to two planets by 2030 based on current trends. On a per capita basis, the UK consumes around three times more than the equivalent level that ecosystems can renew, but its relative share is dropping as developing economies grow and consume more.

The impact of this "ecological deficit" can be witnessed through deforestation, soil erosion, depletion of water resources and the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Wackernagel added that the UN's crunch international climate change conference in Paris in December and global diplomatic efforts were providing hope for change.

"The conference in December is sparking conversations and we are seeing unheard of agreements between the US and China," he said.

"The two biggest emitters are starting to co-operate and the G20 leaders have recognised we have to move out of fossil fuels by the end of this century – although this is a bit too slow in my opinion."

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2015-08-15 07:52:19

2015-08-14 17:07:49

Bhopal gas disaster survivors hold posters during a protest rally in Bhopal. (AFP File Photo)